The Scope Of Public Health - 1076 Words

To ensure that a population is living in conditions that enable it to thrive, we turn to the role of public health. We rely on public health officials to assess the health status of whatever population they are responsible for, to create and fulfill suitable plans of action that improve living conditions for those people. In other words, public health officials are designated for engaging in population health surveillance, controlling the spread of disease, and executing protocols for helping populations build healthier, more enjoyable lives. The scope of public health is very broad. It encompasses many different disciplines and industries of human livelihood. The core disciplines of public health are behavioral science/health education, biostatistics, environmental health, health services administration, and epidemiology. Epidemiology is considered by many the foundation of public health. By general definition, epidemiology is â€Å"the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations.† In other words, epidemiologists observe and assess the proportion of disease among people. This is a very intellectually driven and tedious job with high emphasis on conducting research. Epidemiologists need to form hypotheses based on their scientific observations, which are subject to testing and refutation. This is a rigorous process that needs to be completely objectively. On the surface, it is quite plausible as to why one would believe that epidemiologyShow MoreRelatedChanging the Scope of Practice for All Nurses1149 Words   |  5 PagesChanging The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses October 21, 2012 Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses The Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has proposed many changes take place in the field of education for nurses to assist in the Affordable Care Act to be a full success in transforming health care. They have published the report â€Å"The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing Health† recommending that the scope of practice for all nurses whichRead MoreCommunity Health1184 Words   |  5 Pages A. Role of Public Health Personnel | The candidate does not provide a logical explanation of the role of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, involved in the disaster. | The candidate provides a logical explanation, with no detail, of the role of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, involved in the disaster. | The candidate provides a logical explanation, with limited detail, of the role of the major public health personnel, includingRead MoreProfessional Policies And Practice I ssues Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Policies and Practice Issues Legal Regulations and Mandates that Guide Scope of Practice in California In the practice of nursing there are governing bodies that set policies that healthcare professionals have to follow. The legal mandates that regulate nurse practitioners are there for a multitude of reasons, namely, to ensure that proper licensing is acquired, ensure that nurses are practicing at their training and education level, to avoid legal issues, and to include Nurse practitionersRead MoreThe Media and Hollywood in Particular, Represent One Avenue in Which the General Public Becomes Familiar with the Role of Nurses. How Do the Media Positively or Negatively Influence the Public’s Image of Nursing? What1172 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneral public becomes familiar with the role of nurses. How do the media positively or negatively influence the public’s image of nursing? What other avenues may better educate the general public on the role and scope of nursing as well as the changing health care system? The media is known to have immense influences on the public perception from body images to what kind of car people should buy. And the nursing image is not immune to these influences. What Hollywood transmits to the public aboutRead MoreInsurance Coverage For Mental Disorders1679 Words   |  7 Pagescoverage for mental disorders Jyoti.Waddigeri MHS: Mental Health and Society Professor- Dr. Mirjana Zivkovic United States University, San- Diego. Date- 03/27/2016 Insurance coverage for mental disorders INTRODUCTION In the mid twenty first century, 80 percent of persons with maladjustment had some type of open or private medical insurance coverage. This level of scope mirrored the extension of advantages for mental health care inside of private insurance, and additionallyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Nursing1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe health of different communities is pro to some challenges. Ranging from Infectious diseases, such as Hepatitis and other communicable diseases, and this can get out of control in many civilized town settings. Kids and infant health and well-being are threatened by preventable infections and diseases, society toxins, waste, violence, accidents, and injuries. Inequality in access to health care programs and insurance coverage has notably increased sickness and mortality among infants, pregnantRead MoreInfant Oral Health Care Guideline Analysis877 Words   |  4 PagesInfant Oral Health Care Guideline Analysis The AGREE II instrument was first published in 2003 by international guideline developers and researchers (AGREE II, 2010). The group defined the quality of guidelines as the confidence that the potential biases of guideline development have been addressed adequately and that the recommendations are both internally and externally valid, and are feasible for practice (AGREE II, 2010, p.1). As the years passed it was decided that ongoing development wasRead MoreAre You Ready?1020 Words   |  5 PagesAre You Ready? As a result of the Affordable Health Care Act of 2010 becoming a reality, there is a growing need for nursing practice to advance. With this in mind, the health care delivery system is changing and as nurses we need to be ready. Health care will no longer be focused on the disease but more on the prevention of the disease and health promotion. Who better than nurses to be best positioned to fill such new and expanded roles as a consequence of this redesigned healthcare system? WithRead MoreNurse Practice Act Essay example1331 Words   |  6 PagesNurse Practice Act Samantha Kelly NSG/320 November 21, 2011 Jen Millar University of Phoenix Nurse Practice Act The Nursing Practice Act (NPA) is the body of California law that mandates the Board to set out the scope of practice and responsibilities for RNs. The Practice Act is located in the California Business and Professions Code starting with Section 2700. Regulations that specify the implementation of the law appear in the California Code of Regulations (BoardRead MoreNurses And Midwives Are The Largest Group Of Health Workers1446 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nurses and midwives are the largest group of health workers who provide a wide range of health services, which include promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and supportive care to individuals, families and groups (World Health Organization 2006). Modern day nursing embraces growing technology, theoretical advancements and increasing accountability (Mason and Whitehead 2003). Their adequate representation and utilization in the health care system is very crucial to achieve the results

The Use Of Transmission Reinforcement Between City Of...

Brief Description of Project The shortage of electricity in northern, central, and southern Alberta is creating increasing stress on the existing 240 kV transmission system. This will generate a great need of transmission reinforcement between the city of Calgary and the city of Edmonton. There is a Long-term transmission plan that identifies there is demand for a 485 kilometer, 500 kilovolt high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines between the two cities to address the issues that will provide reliability, efficiency, long term development and has potential to lead investment decisions. The transmission line requires converter stations and other relative facilities which are needed to convert power from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and back to alternating in order to serve the connections at each end. The Heathfield converter station in the northern Alberta consists of a fenced area approximately 700 m by 740 m (2297 by 2428 feet). The Newell Converter Station located in the south east part of the province will consist of a fenced area approximately 455 m by 520 m (1493 by 1706 feet). Both of the stations will retain a telecommunications tower (approximately 71 m high and 7 m wide at the base) supporting two microwave antenna dishes. Multiple transformers will be required as well as circuit breakers, converter valves, smoothing reactors, and AC/DC filters. Many other buildings and related equipment will be needed such as an emergency back-up generator,Show MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mikayla Clements Essay Example For Students

Mikayla Clements Essay Philosophy 115 April 8, 2017 Violation of Nonhumane Entitlements due toCaptivity It is said that to protectwildlife, we need to be educated about the wildlife that inhabits our planet. As humans,we put exotic animals, aquatic and terrestrial, in zoos or aquariums where people can go to see them to learn more about themtoprotect them. It just so happens that,by putting these animals into captivity, we are causing more damage to them, just as damage is occurring in the wild and more species are becoming extinct. Animals should not be held in captivity; this deprives them of living decent and dignified lives. The first zoo in the United States was established in 1874 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia zoo first only had 813 animals but has grown today to have 1,300 animals, still having the same forty-two acres as it did when it first opened. Today there are zoos in almost every major city across the country and even more around the world. But along with zoos, thereare mar ine parks and aquariums (National Geographic). The most famous marine park is SeaWorld, which has three different locations in the nation: Orlando, San Diego and San Antonio. Zoos and aquariums were first brought about to learn about the species that we live with on this planet, tobe educated about the wild creatures who are so different from ourselves. Zoos and the caging of wild animalshave been around for centuries. There is evidence from Egypt of rulers having wild animals as pets, locking them in cages.Today, zoos are used for education to teach people about wild animals so that we canlearn ways to conserve the planet and the animals habitats,toprevent more animals from becoming extinct. Due to humans killing animals, loss of habitat and global warming, more and more species have been going extinct. The goal of every zoo, aquarium, reserve, and marine park is to bring awareness of the need that the wildlifeneedssaving(National Geographic). Most extinctions are caused by humans . With our ever-growing need to explore the planet, we have taken control of numerous species habitats and thus they die offsincethey have nowhere to go and are unable to adapt to new environments. Wars we have waged have also destroyed habitats, not to mention the hunting and poaching that occurs for furs, tusks, and other animal parts that can potentially be bought for a lot of money.According to Maratha Nussbaums Capabilities approachanimals are entitled to a flourishing life anddignified life.By destroying their habitats this is a direct violation of their entitlements such ascontrol over onesenviroment.Nussbaum discusses thatwe should have respect for animals habitats whether that is domestic or in the wild. (Nussbaum 400).Atzoosor animal parks, you will hear the staff talking about conservation of wildlife numerous times because that is their overall message they are trying to reach people. They are trying to educate peopleso they can save these animals.(Gruen132-140)For examp le, at SeaWorld, before watching the whale show, they give a presentation about how whales need to be preserved, saying that we should save the oceans so that the orca species can live on for many years to come. But whatdo whales jumping out of a poolhavedo with saving the oceans? Scientists, zoologists, and the staff at zoos all agree that by keeping species in captivity, the species is benefiting from it. For some species, captivity is the only reason why their species is surviving. For example, thenumberof tigers that are owned by private individuals is much higher than the population of tigers that are in the wild (Mason et al115-1125). Thisloss ofpopulation is due to destruction of habitat and hunting of the tigers for their fur. Having a higher population in captivity is not only true for tigers but also for the golden coin turtles, Asian elephants, and orangutans. Some of the animals kept in zoos and reserves are those who are not able to be released back into the wild after being rescued from poaching or have diseases. Because of this, places like the Taman Safari in Indonesia was founded so these animals can live free in their natural habitat without having to deal with the poachers. Jenna Watts, from CNN, says in her article Are animals in cages a necessary evil? that the animals in places like the Taman Safari are ambassadors of their kind. She says that if more people learn about these animals that they will be more likely to want to save them, not kill them or destroy their habitat. However, ABC News reports that while Adam Roberts, senior vice president of the animal protection advocacy group Born Free USA, was on Good Morning America, he said that Youre not getting the right education about what animals are like in the wild. Thats why we believe that you should keep wildlife in the wild. Thats best for animals and its best for the people. Were not getting benefit form zoo-going or from circus-going, and more importantly, as you unfortunately ha ve seen recently, there is the potential for attack,(Should Animals Be Held in Captivity?). Roberts was referencing to the tiger attack that had occurred recently at the time in San Francisco, where a tiger killed a seventeen-year-old boy, after the tiger had scaled twenty-foot tall wall to get to him. When in captivity, the animals are with humans all the time. They are fed by them, see the veterinarians, enclosures cleaned by them, and sometimes if born in captivity are raised byhumans. Due to this, these animals are not scared of humans, they work with humans non-stop in captivity and can be potentially dangerous when they get curious and decide to attack a human. A tiger for example that was raised in captivityand around humans,may believe that they are just playing with a zookeeper or a visitor but playing to them, may be killing to a human.Thisis a perfect example relatingto Nussbaum and the capabilitiesapproachregarding play,animalshave theright participate in play. However, this play can be detrimental to humans and the animals because animals willoften get punished forplay (Nussbaum 400).Theseanimals that attack humans are often put down because they are too dangerous to be around humans. How is euthanizing an animal supposed to saveitsspecies from extinction? If the animal was never in captivity in the first place, it would have been in the wild, away from humans and no chance in attacking a human with theconsequence of being put down. It is also believed that the breeding programs are keeping the species alive because they do not allow inbreeding whereas in the wildthe population is dwindling, they are mating with relatives since there is such a small selection for mates. This is causing mutations and diseases in the species just as it would if humans were to inbreed. Zoos all over the world have breeding programs that are trying to keep each species alive for more years to come. For the tigers, the Taman Safari is the number one breeding program, its goal is to keep the remaining six types of tigers from extinction, and two types have already been extinct. There are also programs for other animals such as the ones at SeaWorld for orcas and dolphins. Even though they are doing this amazing work by trying to keep the species alive, it doesnt mean that these animals should be kept in cages their entire lives. Yes, it is wonderful that they take in wounded and diseased animals to save them, but a cage or enclosure is not where they belong.We cannot fully understand an animals experience because we have not livedit, therefore we cannot speak for them (Prade330).They belong in their natural habitat; it is not beneficial for animals to be kept in captivity, there are consequences of animals living lives in captivity. Sandel explains Aristotles telosor the purposein hisbookJustice: whats the right thing to do?This is afascinating point because Aristotle would pose the question, what is the purpose of nonhumane animals?This question needs to beevaluatedbecauseif we do not know the purpose of nonhumane animals how can we appropriately examine their entitlements? There is more risk for the animals to get new disease due to being in environments that they are not naturally in. An animal that originates in Africa is susceptible to a disease that is only in North America while living in a zoo because its immune system does not have the genes to defend against this disease, it has also never been around the disease so their bodies cannot build up immunity to the disease. Not only new diseases, but diseases that the species would normally be immune to in the wild, the ones in captivity have shown to get these diseases more often. Most of these immunities are built up from the diet of the animal, but because in captivity the animals do not get the same food, they do not get the same nutrition as they would in the wild, hence the cause of disease they normally would not have in the wild. Animals tend to have shorter li fespans in captivity due to the different diet that does not have the nutrition that the animals need to survive. This is seen in giraffes where their shorter lifespan is linked to poor nutritional status and low energy intake, suggesting inadequacies in zoodiets (Mason, 714-721). Also, these animals are entering climates at which they are not meant to live in. Animals that live in Africa are not used to the snow that falls in North America, nor is the polar bears adapted to the heat of Florida. The endothermic animals, the ones who are able regulate their own body temperatures, their bodies are working overtime to be able to survive in the differentclimates. The zookeepers try to keep the enclosures as close to their natural habitats as they possibly can but the factremainsthat the painting on the walls of the enclosure are nothing to the real thing,one can assumethey are not meant to be looking at something that is fake when instead they could be lookingat the real thing in the wi ld. These seem like basic rights and entitlements that are being violated causing an injustice to animals. Radio Station Research Essay Rother, Larry.In Killing a Cove, SidingwithDolphins.The New York Times. The New York16 July 2009.Should Animals Be Held in Captivity?ABC News. ABC News Network, 28 Dec. 2007. Web.29 march. 2017.Society, National Geographic.Zoo.National Geographic Society. National Geographic, 09Oct. 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2017. McKenna, Erin.American Philosophy: Pets, People, and Pragmatism.New York, US: FordhamUniversity Press, 2013. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 22 March 2017. Gruen, Lori. Ethics and Animals: An Introduction.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,2011, 132-140.Print. Cambridge applied ethics; Cambridge applied ethics McGlynn, Daniel.Whale Hunting.CQ Researcher 29 June 2012: 573-96. Web. 26 Mar. 2017. Prade, Juliane. Not Coming to Terms: Nonhuman Animals and the Edge of Theory. Society ;Animals. 2014.330-51.Print. Clark, Jim, et al.The Cove. Santa Monica, California: Lions Gate Entertainment, 2009. DVD Cowperthwaite, Gabriela, et al.Blackfish. Widescreen. Los Angeles, California: Magnolia HomeEntertainment, 2013. DVD. Sandel, Michael J. Justice: whats the right thing to do?London: Penguin, 2010, 184-207.Print. Nussbaum, Martha Craven.Frontiers of justice: disability, nationality, species membership.India: Oxford U Press, 2007, 492-401. Print.

Personal Accounts/Narratives

Constant Content has gotten an unusually large amount of submissions in the first-person point-of-view. As stated in our guidelines, these are not generally accepted. Why don’t we accept personal accounts or narratives? 1. Customers purchase content on an as-needed basis. There is no opportunity for the author to build a relationship with readers, as would a writer of a weekly column. Therefore, the reader is not invested in the personal life of the author because the author is a stranger; they will not empathize with the writer and may find the emotions/opinions of a stranger to be irrelevant. 2. Our customers look for web content. Web customers or people who search for information on the internet are searching for just that – information. They are less interested in experiences that may be unique to the author and are more interested in information that will be immediately useful to them – how to care for a burn, what to do if their ficus is looking a little brown, how they can lose ten pounds before the wedding next month. 3. Customers want content that will be found by search engines and ranked high so that customers will visit their pages. Pages that are relevant to a wide group of people – that is, articles that address the audience, rather thanuse introspection– will rank more highly because they will be more likely to get link backs, will more likely be visited by people looking for information, and will more likely be given more credit by those who use internet search tools like Stumbleupon or Digg. 4. Personal narratives have a difficult time balancing information and style with sentimentality and emotion. First-person accounts are often so subjective that the reader will be turned off byshows ofemotion (especially if it is negative) because there is no common ground between the reader and the writer. Successful autobiographical authors use objectivity to help others see the world through their eyes and show rather than tell about situations. However, Constant Content is not agood place for narratives – fiction or nonfiction – simply because customers are in the market for the type of content described above. You may have had one or more of your articles rejected for use of the first person point-of-view (POV), and you may be wondering in what cases the â€Å"I† voice is unacceptable. I’ll explain. Author Intrusion In most cases, the â€Å"I† slips into articles even if the article begins by addressing the reader as â€Å"you†.’ When the reader is suddenly hit with the author’s opinion or experience, this is uncomfortable and is known as author intrusion. When a reader has been set up to absorb information directed at them, it can be awkward to suddenly hear the voice of the author. Voice or POV should stay consistent throughout a piece, whether it is first-, second-, or third-person. Web Writing However, for web writing, â€Å"I† should rarely be used.Constant Contentwill, of course, accept articles that are submitted for requests that require the inclusionof personal experience, narratives, or anecdotes. For other writing, â€Å"I† is hardly ideal. Why? Because readers want to know what is true for them if they are seeking information. The experience of the writer is usuallyirrelevant, as the writer is only one person. Authors of articles at Constant Content should seek to explain what is generally true in a broad sense. This will not only make your article more useful to readers, but it will make it more useful to the customer who buys it. Ex. You write an article about poison ivy. However, you happen to be immune to poison ivy’s toxins. Instead of saying, â€Å"Poison ivy will make you itch, but I am immune to it†, it would be better to say, â€Å"Poison ivy will make most people itch, however, there are a few people who happen to be immune to this plant’s toxins.† Goals of ArticlesSubmitted to Constant Content Blogs Even blog authors arestraying from the use of the word â€Å"I†. Personal blogs are still in the styles of diaries.However, blogs more often offer information that is up-to-date and informative. In this case, the first-person is once again rendered irrelevant. Credibility and Professionalism In addition, because writers for Constant Content rarely have connections with the publications in which their work is featured, the â€Å"I† can become even more problematic. The reader is not familiar with the writer or the writer’s work. The â€Å"I† is a stranger, and the stranger may not be able to be trusted in the reader’s eyes. Removing the â€Å"I† from articles submitted to Constant Content will lend more credibility and professionalism to the information. FinalNote The reader doesn’t care about the process it takes to write an article. If you give them a step-by-step about what you went through to gather the information you present, they will quickly grow bored and stop reading. Present the result of your research, not the process. Cite credible sources (â€Å"The FDA reports . . . † not â€Å"My mother says . . . â€Å") that inspire confidence in the information.

Negotiation Analysis Paper

Introduction Over the past two decades, there has been a rise in the number of issues facing firms in different economic sectors. According to Gitman and McDaniel (2008, p.34), changes in the external and internal business environments affect the ability of businesses to achieve their objectives.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resource managers face diverse challenges in an effort to deal with changes emanating from the external business environments. This arises from the fact that they do not have control over external business environment. However, human resource managers can be able to control issues emanating from the internal business environment. Firms’ management teams attain this through formulation and implementation of effective human resource management practices. Some of the human resource manageme nt practices that organizations implement relate to development of an environment conducive for working. There are numerous ways through which an organization can attain this. One of these ways entails ensuring fair compensation to the employees. According to Durai (n.d, p.538), organizations must avoid any form unfair labor practices. Examples of such practices include unfair dismissals of labor union members and unfair employees’ disciplinary actions. Additionally, organizations management teams should not also undermine the employees’ collective bargaining rights. There has been an increment in the number of labor disputes that organizations experience over the past few decades. Considering the fact that human capital is one of the most important organizational assets, it is paramount for management teams to ensure that disputes are effectively resolved. One of the ways through which organizations can achieve this is through negotiation. Spoelstra and Pienaar (1999, p.3) define negotiation as the process through which different parties interact with the objective of reaching an agreement or resolving a conflict. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), assert that there are different strategies that organizations can use to resolve conflicts. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999) further assert that conflicts within can be beneficial if they are resolved effectively.Advertising Looking for term paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Spoelstra and Pienaar (1999, p.3) assert that negotiation entails exchange of information. There are four main characteristics of negotiation. These include a common interest, conflicting interest, compromise and a common standard for the agreement to hold. In an effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the concept of negotiation as a human resource management strategy, the researcher considered evaluating the concept with regard to its appli cation by Verizon Wireless. Current issue at Verizon Wireless Company Verizon Wireless is one of the largest telecommunication companies in the United States. The firm is the leader in provision of wireless services. Currently, Verizon Wireless is facing a labor dispute. Approximately 45,000 of the firm’s employees who work at the firm’s wire lines division who are represented by the union are considering striking. Some of the unions that represent the firm’s employees include International Brotherhood Electrical Workers (IBEW) and Communications Workers of America (CWA). One of the issues that these unions are advocating for relate to an increment in the hourly wages. Additionally, the unions are also advocating for the betterment of Verizon Wireless employee’s pension and health care benefits. Over the past few years, Verizon Wireless has experienced a significant growth in its performance with regard to profitability. For example, over the past four ye ars, Verizon Wireless profit has increased to $19.1 billion. As a result, the firm has continuously increased the financial benefits received by the firm’s top executives in terms of annual salary increments and bonuses. Employees within the lower employment levels in Verizon Wireless are not treated the same with the top level employees despite the fact that the fact that they are the ones who undertake most of the operational tasks that contributes to the firm’s profitability. Durai (n.d, p. 538) asserts that organizations should ensure that the unionized employees receive fair salaries and wage increment and other career development opportunities. However, Verizon Wireless remuneration to lower level employees has not been fair. Additionally, Verizon Wireless fires employees unfairly (Campbell, 2011, para. 5). For example, Verizon Wireless fires employees who join the workers union. The firm also conducts captive audience meetings in an effort to discourage employee s from joining the employees union.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an effort to diminish the powers of the employees unions, Verizon Wireless is considering influencing employees who are not union members to remain un-unionized. To achieve this, Verizon Wireless is discouraging its employees from signing Union Cards. According to Durai (n.d, p.538), organization management teams should not engage in unfair staffing process in an effort to discourage its employees from becoming members of the employees union. Additionally, organization’s management teams should also avoid preventing its employees from forming an employee union unfairly. However, in the case of Verizon Wireless Company, it is the firm’s objective to destroy the union. The poor payment to the firm’s employees has made their living sta ndards to deteriorate. This indicates a high level of unfair treatment to the employees. Negotiation processes Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.15) asserts that the process of negotiation is made up of four main sub-processes which include distributive bargaining, integrative bargaining, intra-organizational bargaining and attitudinal structuring. Distributive bargaining tactic According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.15), distributive bargaining entails a negotiation strategy whereby the parties involved are in a conflict. The initial stage of the negotiation process is characterized by a gap between the conflicting parties. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16) further assert that the bargainers have a particular target and resistance point in their mind. These points affect their offers and counteroffers. The target point represents the most-favorable goal for each stakeholder. On the other hand, the resistant point depicts the least desirable outcome. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), distributive bargaining as a negotiation process is most appropriate when one of the negotiators’ interests is expressly opposed. During the bargaining process, the parties involved struggle to establish a compromise. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16), existence of a huge gap between the two points leads into an impasse.Advertising Looking for term paper on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This impasse is likely to be manifested by a strike during the negotiations. For example, in the case of Verizon Wireless, the strike by the firm’s employees is an indication of an existing gap between the employees’ labor demands and the firm’s top executive desire. During the negotiations, the union representatives pulled out of the negotiations since the firm’s management team was not willing to give the employees their desires despite making it known to the management team. According to the union representatives, the firm’s management took a hard-line position hence limiting the effectiveness of the bargaining process. The union representatives further said that the Verizon Wireless was willing to disregard the collective bargaining process which had been established within the firm for over fifty years. In such a situation, the union members should consider integrating distributive bargaining. According to the firm’s management team, Ve rizon Wireless have established a contingency plan whose objective is to ensure minimal disruption in the firm’s operation by the strike. The plan entails training a sufficient number of retirees and management employees who will take the positions of the union workers who go on strike. This indicates a high level of disregard of the employee’s rights. Instead of developing a contingency plan, Verizon Wireless and the unions’ representatives should emphasize on developing a positive contract zone. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.16), establishment of a positive contract zone increases the probability of the parties reaching an agreement. Additionally, there is an increment in the level of motivation with regard to negotiation amongst the parties involved. By establishing a continuing interdependent relationship between Verizon Wireless management team and the union representatives, there is a high probability that no employee strike would occur. This mea ns that both the employees and firm would not be adversely affected since they are dependent on each other. Integrative bargaining This negotiation strategy is also referred to as cooperative negotiation. The process entails negotiating with the objective of achieving a mutual gain. According to Guasco and Robinson (2007, p.66), it is the objective of the parties involved to create a value that will be shared by the two negotiating parties. Integrative bargaining is only successful if the negotiating parties avoid exploitation during the initial stages of the negotiation. Additionally, the negotiators must accept an anti-competitive premise. One of the ways through which the negotiators can achieve this if they are negotiating for establishment of a shared gain is by developing a mutually satisfying deal. This is referred to as the win-win negotiation (Guasco Robinson, 2007, p.66). Integrative negotiation is aimed at developing a situation whereby both negotiators attain what they need. For cooperative negotiation to be successful, a high degree of patience is required. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18) assert that in the event of a mixed-motive situation, the negotiations must identify a trade-off that will contribute towards ensuring that the both parties are better off. In the case of Verizon Wireless, the employees were motivated to strike because of unfair treatment by the management team in a number of ways. For example, the lower level employees were poorly remunerated while the top level managers were highly remunerated. Additionally, in their negotiation with the firm’s management teams, the union representatives are also pressuring Verizon Wireless to increase their employees’ pension and health care benefits. However, Verizon Wireless is not willing to compromise on its reserved profits by increasing the employees’ financial benefits. This is despite the fact that it is the lower level employees who have worked hard to ensure that the firm remains profitable. Verizon Wireless management team should strive to ensure that the lower level employees also benefit from their hard work. Intra-organizational bargaining The objective of this strategy is to resolve internal conflicts such as the labor disputes within Verizon Wireless Company. It is aimed at establishing consensus between the employees and the management teams. Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18) appreciate the fact that most negotiators do not act in their own individual capacity. However, they act as representatives of a particular group of individuals. Within organizations, the union representatives are the ones who are mostly involved in the negotiation process. For example, in the case of Verizon Wireless, the employees are interests are advocated by unions which include CWA and IBEW. The representatives have an obligation to report to their constituents. Due to existence of a large number of individuals, there is a high probability of conflict of inte rest as a result of diversity in their views. Therefore, there is a high probability of differences amongst the union members. Prior to the representative engaging in the negotiations, the union should reconcile internally with the members of the group so as to eliminate any differences. This means that there has to be an intra-organizational bargaining which entails undertaking negotiation within the particular teams. The resultant effect is that there is a high probability of the negotiations succeeding. Attitudinal restructuring Organization’s management teams should not only emphasize on distributive and integrative bargaining, however, they should also consider attitudinal restructuring in their negotiation process. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), the negotiators perception of each other affects the outcome of the bargaining process. The negotiators should develop strategies on how to positively influence each parties approach in an effort to attain thei r needs. The resultant effect is achievement of a mutual benefit. Attitudinal restructuring in negotiation entails developing trust between the parties. Lewicki, Saunders and Minton (1999), assert that development of trust aid in effective conduction of integrative negotiation. According to Kochan and Lipsky (2003, p.18), the negotiation process may result into development or a decline in the level of trust between the parties depending on the treatment received. The union members have developed a negative attitude towards Verizon Wireless. This is due to the unfair treatment that the firm subjects to its employees. This may have adverse effects on future relationship between the firm and its employees. Context of negotiation There are a wide range of contexts which compose the negotiation process. One of these contexts relate to relationships. Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010) assert that the relationship between the negotiators affect the outcome of the negotiation. During intern al conflicts, the parties involved must assess the effect of negotiation on the future relationship established. In order to manage negotiations, human resource managers promote positive emotions amongst the parties. Organizations should also ensure that they address the issues they are facing with justice and fairness. The negotiation process is also composed of an audience. The audience may be composed of different parties such the team or the group members. According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), the audience in the negotiation puts more pressure to the negotiators to be more tough and unyielding. As a result, the negotiators usually advocate their audience’s position (Asherman Asherman, 2001, p.207). In the case of Verizon Wireless, the union representatives have an obligation to advocate for the needs of the firm’s employees. According to Asherman and Asherman (2001, p.207), there are two main rules that guide negotiators when there is an audience involv ed. The first rule relates to flexibility whereby the negotiators make proposals and compromises that may seem undesirable to the audience initially. On the other hand, a win-lose negotiation compels the negotiators to adhere to the audiences’ position which means that they should not concede so easily. In an effort to fight for their rights, Verizon Wireless employees are using CWA and IBEW to negotiate with the management. Additionally, the employees should also consider incorporating agents in their negotiation process. The agent is required to act in accordance with the needs of the audience. In the event that the agent makes a concession that is not desirable, the principal can withdraw. Asherman and Asherman (2001, p.207) asserts that using agents in the negotiation process can be advantageous since they are not intensely involved psychologically in the negotiation. In addition, the probability of emotions interfering with the negotiation process is limited since the ag ents do not have their ego at stake. On the other hand, multiparty negotiation, entails a large number of parties whereby each party is either concerned with achieving their own ends or a group consensus. Multiparty negotiations are also characterized by formation of coalitions. The coalitions contribute towards the strengthening of the weaker parties thus enabling them to push for their needs and to block any unacceptable decisions (Harvard Business School Press, 2005, p.59). According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), assert that coalitions may be dissolved during the negotiation process. There are two main forms of coalitions in multiparty negotiation. These include natural coalition and a single-issue coalition. Natural coalition is characterized by one or more allies who have a wide range of universal interests. For example, in negotiating for their rights, Verizon Wireless employees are represented by two parties which include IBEW and CWA. The objective of the two labor unions is to fight for the employees rights within the telecommunication industry. On the other hand, a single-issue coalition is composed of two of more parties whose interests differ but unite on others. Negotiation and culture Culture has a significant effect on the outcome of the negotiation process. According to Brett (2007, p.280), cultural differences exist in the negotiation process. This is due to the fact that the principals and the representatives have different priorities, interests and positions. These positions are influenced by different factors which emanate from social, economic, and political contexts. Additionally, the negotiators have diverse motives which include individualistic, competitive and cooperative motives. The parties involved in the negotiation process in the case of Verizon Wireless should have a comprehensive understanding of the existing cultural differences. This will play a vital role in ensuring that the negotiation is successful. For example, i n a collectivist culture, negotiators tend to avoid any form of direct conflict or its manifestation. For example, when Japanese is negotiating with an American and he or she is not comfortable with proposal; the Japanese may say that he will look further into the issue. This may be a tactic of saying no which the American does not understand (Trevino Nelson, 2011, p. 406).On raising the issue later, the Japanese may be direct and say no. This may make the American to perceive the negotiation process as being unfair. When resolving conflicts, understanding the culture is also critical since it aids in determining the most effective conflict resolution strategy to use. For example, some cultures prefer mediation as the best method of conflict resolution. Negotiation and gender Numerous studies have been conducted to establish the relationship between gender and negotiation. These studies were aimed at establishing whether various demographic characteristics such as age and race affe ct the outcome of the negotiation process. This is due to the fact that negotiation is an interpersonal process. According to Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.136), gender as an individual attribute plays a vital role in the negotiation process. Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.136) assert that women are more sensitive and tend to nurture a long term relationship. Therefore, women involved in a negotiation process are more likely to consider the negotiation process as a long term relationship. As a result, they are likely to be more concerned with ensuring that the process is fair. On the other hand, men are more individualistic. In addition, they regard the negotiation process to be a one time event which does not have any direct consequences with regard to future interactions. Moffitt and Bordone (2005, p.137) are of the opinion that women are less aggressive in that they do not feel that they are entitled to receive the same salary as their male counterparts. Findings by researchers reve al that women are likely to accept relatively low salaries. They also feel less confident in the negotiation process. On the other hand, men are more offensive which makes them to succeed in the negotiation process. However, when women are negotiating for others as agents, they tend t o be more effective compared to when they are negotiating for their own demands. In order to reach a consensus with Verizon Wireless management team, the labor union should ensure that both genders are considered in the selection of negotiators. Individual differences; personality and abilities According to Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p. 395), personality traits such as authoritarianism, self-esteem, Machiavellianism, tolerance to ambiguity, risk taking, and locus on control affect the negotiation process. Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p.395) assert that the two parties involved in a dispute should ensure that they select the right negotiators. The success of Verizon Wireless employees in negotiating for their rights is dependent on the effectiveness of selecting negotiators from the union to represent the members. Griffin and Moorhead (2009, p.395) asserts that the selection of a negotiator with the right personality is critical factor in the negotiation process. This arises from the fact that the negotiation process is both personal and interactive. Managing negotiation difficulties According to Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010), there is a high probability of negotiations failing due to different reasons. In the case of Verizon Wireless, the negotiations stalled as a result of the firm’s management team failure to change its initial proposal regarding the employees’ demands to have a fair employment contract. This motivated the firm’s employees to resort to strike as an alternative to address their concerns. Lewicki, Saunders and Barry (2010) assert that integrative bargaining may fail in the event of the negotiators failing to establish a mutually benefici al option. Additionally, negotiations may also fail if one of the parties to the conflict has adopted an integrative negotiation strategy while the other party has adopted a distributive strategy. Failed negotiations can result into the parties involved incurring significant cost. In order for the negotiation process to be successful, the parties must develop effective strategies aimed at ensuring that an impasse does not occur. One of the ways through which they can achieve this is by ensuring that there is effective communication amongst the negotiators. In the case of Verizon Wireless, it is important for the firm’s management team and the union representatives to ensure that there is effective communication between the parties. The strike by Verizon Wireless employees may affect the firm’s profitability. As a result, it is vital for the firm’s management team to incorporate enticing offers. In addition, the negotiators should strive towards developing a comm on ground. To manage negotiation difficulties, the parties involved must undertake effective preparations prior to the negotiation. Conclusion The analysis illustrates the importance of negotiations in resolving conflicts within organizations. In its operation, Verizon Wireless Company is experiencing an internal conflict between its employees and the management team. The current dispute between the management team of Verizon Wireless and its employees relates to labor issues. The employees union is advocating for better employment terms which the management team is not willing to offer. In order to resolve this labor dispute through negotiation, there are different negotiation processes that negotiators can adopt. However, the choice of the negotiation process to adopt is dependent on the existing situation. Some of the negotiation processes to consider include distributive bargaining, integrative bargaining, intra-organizational bargaining and attitudinal restructuring. Additional ly, the research also evaluates the diverse contexts which compose the negotiation process. These contexts include the various relationships in the negotiation, agents, audiences, coalitions, and constituents. Additionally, the negotiation process may be composed of multiple parties. During the negotiation process, the negotiators must also have a comprehensive understanding of the existing cultural differences. Other factors that the negotiators must consider relate to gender, individual differences and abilities. This is due to the fact that these factors influence the outcome of the negotiation. The research has also appreciated the fact that there are a number of difficulties that can affect the success of the negotiation process. Therefore, to ensure that negotiations do not fail, effective strategies should be implemented. Some of these strategies relate to ensuring effective communication, establishing a common ground and effective planning. Reference List Asherman, I. Asher man, S. (2001). The negotiation sourcebook. Amherst, Mass: HRD Press. Brett, J. (2007). Negotiation globally; how to negotiate deals, resolve disputes and  made decisions across cultural boundaries. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Campbell, T. (2011). CWA/ IBEW Verizon strike is more than just a labor dispute;  unions draw a line in the sand; make stand for all working people. Web. Durai, E. (n.d). Human resource management. Sydney: Pearson Education India. Gitman, L. McDaniel, C. (2008). Future of business; the essentials. New York: Cengage. Griffin, R. Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational behavior; managing people and  organisations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Guasco, M. Robinson, P. (2007). Principles of negotiation; strategies, tactics,  techniques to reach agreements. New York: Entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Press. (2005). The essentials of negotiation. Boston: Harvard Busines School Press. Kochan, T. Lipsky, D. (2003). Negotiations and change; from the workpla ce to  society. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. Barry, B. (2010). Negotiation. Ohio: Ohio State University. Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. Minton, J. (1999). Negotiation. Boston: Irwin McGraw- Hill. Moffitt, M. Bordone, R. (2005). Handbook of dispute resolution. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Spoelstra, H. Pienaar, D. (1999). Negotiation; theories, strategies and skills. Kenwyn: Juta. Trevino, L. Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics; straight talk about how to  do it right. New York: John Wiley. This term paper on Negotiation Analysis Paper – Verizon Wireless was written and submitted by user Javion E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Windows Installation And Backup Work Order Example

Windows Installation And Backup Work Order Example Windows Installation And Backup Work Order – Coursework Example Installing a New Operating System Installing a New Operating System The technological outlook of the society is changing rapidly and therefore, the organizations are supposed to keep up with the change or die out due to extinction (Mohr, 1971). The idea of investing in new computer hardware leads towards acquiring of new software and operating system (Ettlie, 1982). But, nowadays the organizational focus is on buying out new operating systems in order to use the current hardware of the company more effectively and efficiently (Hulin & Roznowski, 1985). The re-installment procedure is believed to be painstakingly difficult (Brynjolfsson & Hitt, 2000) as it involves removal of previously used OS from all workstations and the installation of new one as soon as possible. The proposed plan should be executed on a long weekend so that the general practices of the organization should not be disrupted. Firstly, the staff should be guided to save their essential data and then, the technical personnel should store these data in a central server so that all of the individual workstations can be emptied when installing new system. Secondly, all of the data stored in the central server should be debugged via virus scanning and elimination program. Finally, after conducting the individual virus scans on the workstations all of them should be reprogrammed in order to use the new operating system. The work-order diagram is as follows: - The older version of Windows 2007 was used across the organization. But, the management found out the Windows 7 is more efficient and resilient to virus attacks and therefore, they made a decision to make a switch. Furthermore, the plan will work because it will not disturb the routine of the company and then, all of the data will be debugged and ultimately technical staff will have the opportunity to train other departments’ staff in using the new OS along the way. ReferencesBrynjolfsson, E., & Hitt, L. (2000). Beyond Computation: Inf ormation Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol 14 (4) , pp.23-48.Ettlie, J. (1982). Environmental uncertainty and organizational technology policy. Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on Vol 29 (1) , pp.2 -10.Hulin, C., & Roznowski, M. (1985). Organizational technologies: Effects on organizations characteristics and individuals responses. Research in Organizational Behavior , pp.39-85.Mohr, L. (1971). Organizational Technology and Organizational Structure. Administrative Science Quarterly Vol 16 (4) , pp.444-459.

Narrative Description and Reflection Assignment

Narrative Description and Reflection - Assignment Example The book offers directions on issues relating to problem solving, critical thinking and creativity. Teachers can implement active learning by using this book to get information on previous cases and the results that were achieved. Borasi and Rose have been focusing on how to improve the college algebra course by introducing journal writing as a means of allowing students to reflect on the contents of the course and encourage them to share their feelings. This article defines the educational value of engaging students to practice journal writing. Its main objective is to show the potential contribution that writing can provide in terms of the student’s writing and communication skills and encouraging independent thinking. A journal writing process designed for classrooms is also presented with other suggestions and recommendations on how to effectively encourage personal writing. The evaluation procedures and design will save instructors time in application and improve student’s participation. This article will offer help to instructors who have not yet adopted the model of journal writing in the classes by simplifying the complexity in introducing students to writing. Emig is among the first originators of writing to learn methodology. She argues that writing presents a special way of learning different from reading, talking and listening. In this book, she differentiates the nature of writing from other means of learning while taking note of problems in courses that primarily focus on reading and listening only. The book tries to show how writing is an active learning process by defining it as an organic process that engages a person in whole. The chapters elaborate that writing involves use of the eyes, hands and the brain making it a unique multi-representational mode for learning. In the last chapter, the book relates writing to the journals and notes that are a

Enterprise Car Rental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise Car Rental - Essay Example According to the paper, the company built the largest car rental brand in North America. The brand is widely known for low rates that are exceptionally as well as outstanding customer service. The brand has effective product and service offering methodologies in relation to marketing. Regarding the company’s management it has successfully showed tremendous leadership that has enhanced its operations worldwide. Motivation among employees in the company has been achieved thus promoting entrepreneurial spirit among them thus enhancing and encouraging high productivity. Enterprise Car Rental has established a consumer oriented strategy in relation to marketing that is of great importance to success. The company though has been opposed by stiff competitions from its main competitors. Enterprise not only sells services, it also brings an experience that is real in the market industry. A market Development Strategy has been followed by the company rigorously since it has put great ef fort to an existing product(car-rentals) regarding the new market. Earning of profits that are high in the market that is untapped has been enhanced by the effective strategy. A rapid growth has been depicted in the Enterprise recently. The opportunities in relation to particular segments of market are now realized by competitors. Therefore, they are putting great effort to enormously build up their strengths in those realized branches. New entrants have posed a significant competition in the same segment of market. Therefore, Enterprise is gradually becoming saturated in its Market Development Strategy thus becoming obsolete. There will be no development room in the market soon because of the stiff competition that is slowly lowering demand from its consumers. For the Enterprise to regain its stability in the market context, they should switch over to a more advanced Market Penetration strategy to attempt.  

Accounting Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Accounting Case Study - Essay Example There is a belief that poor branding identity is the root cause of declining market fortunes. In addition, its recent methods of retailing have been overcome by recent market shifts. Looking at the giant entrants as if the Wal-Mart and Canadian Tire depicts a total shift in retailing strategies. Perhaps the failure of the manufacturer to respond to market trends has largely caused the problem that is being currently mitigated. More importantly, the larger manufacturers have adopted the use of modern information technology and sophisticated inventory management systems. It is certain that deliberate steps need to be undertaken immediately. Apart from a shift of the marketing trends towards information technology, the company has failed to build a strong brand as the marketing forces become fierce. Today, the category suppliers have grown significantly that they command specific designs for manufacturers to produce. Evidently, the recent times has seen category supply, demand particular sizes and colors of goods being supplied. While Clearwater remains stagnant in the traditional retail systems, the market forces have overwhelmingly become unbearable. Besides, the problem has arisen because of untimely management decisions. In business, the management team should be vibrant and creative. Acting timely to respond to changing market patterns is critical in ensuring that a company is not forced out of the market. With a timely and a continuous product adjustment, the company would not be experiencing the current marketing doldrums. In addition, it is certain that the problem is solely a marketing and strategic step. One of the problem would have been solved before it became evident was branding, as a business grows that need to maintain a highly competitive manageable is crucial, management decisions should explore product and study market patterns with a view of making necessary

Effect of Nursing on Stress Levels of Cancer Patients

Effect of Nursing on Stress Levels of Cancer Patients Does good nursing management can influence the nursing care to reduce stress, anxiety and difficult behaviour in cancer patients as compare to ineffective management plan to achieve better therapeutic outcomes? Search terms that can be used for relevant literature will be nursing management plans for patients with cancer, stress, anxiety, good nurse patient relationship, and challenging behaviours. The research is to explore and summarize the literature based on the published information such as journals, articles, books. The purpose of this review is to identify best practice evidence that examining the cancer patients. The literature review will give direction to plan the study and understand the outcomes. (Burns Grove 2009). The difficult patient behaviour versus good nursing strategies based on the research question (Emold et al 2011). Inclusion criteria included the all publications based on the difficult patient behaviour and good nursing management plans to reduce stress and anxiety in patients. The strength of evidence was based on the hierarchy of evidence with randomised controlled trial and meta-analysis being considered the best evidence as the primary source if available. Other research and levels of evidence was included where evidence was not that much strong. The literature review was undertaken using electronic data bases and catalogues such as CINAHL, science direst, PubMed, for the period of 2007 and 2014. Using the original question the key phrases ‘difficult patient behaviour in oncology’ and good nursing management strategies, stress and anxiety pain, and some psychological factors those can lead to negative outcomes on patients health outcomes and nurses attitude. These search terms highlighted the number of articles on different types of cancer patients then advanced search engine w as used to narrow my search to find out the good sourced information. Going through the abstracts of each of the articles were considered the relevance and quality. Exclusion criteria includes the key words and points those will not be covered in research such as good communication strategies, challenging behaviour and comparison between effective and ineffective management plans. The good literature review and databases mostly covered the qualitative and quantitative criteria based on the clinical question and case scenario. Develop a summary table based on your 15 selected studies (500 words). Based on your summary table, provide a synthesis of the key findings and conclusions in relation to your PICO question (250 words). Support your summary from relevant literature (use in text referencing) Good nursing management plans is one of the most effective and appropriate option for the hospitalised cancer patients. Various research studies have been conducted and analysed the difference between effective and ineffective nursing care plans. Therefore, Evidence from a variety of resources indicate that staff communication, family support, working environment those factors positively influence the patient prognosis according to Rosenzweig et al 2011; Kvale 2007; Karvien et al 2013; Emold et al 2011. However, patients diagnosed with cancer causes significant distress such as mentally and physically strains to themselves and family members (Emold et al 2011). Therefore good communication skill, availability of continued support, involvement of families required to overcome these difficult emotions (Kvale 2007 Vilet et al 2013). Karvinen et al. (2013) Whitaker et al. (2009) identified the relationship between stress, anxiety, intrusive thoughts and compliance to medical care. Cer tain psychological factors such as feelings of hopelessness, physical and mental strains affect the nursing care and patient’s prognosis (Remmers et al 2010). Different intervention strategies have also been discussed in literature such as mindfulness, self-efficacy, emotional support has the beneficial effects to the general health of patients according to Tsang et al. (2012). There are certain factors those influenced the nursing care such as workload, emotional exhaustion, and decision making skills among staff may lead to negative response and affect the patient’s well-being (McCormack et al 2011). However, the literature lacks some efficacy based on the good intervention strategies for staff to overcome the difficult patient’s behaviour. Overall effective nursing management can be structured to enhance physical, psychological, and emotional wellbeing that assists in promoting positive behaviour and good health outcomes among cancer patients.

Media influence on homosexuals

Those who are interested in how media has influenced the LGBT community. Essay Question: How has the media influenced the LGBT community and society's view on the LGBT community? Thesis: One main contributing factor that has impacted our societys view on gay marriage is how they have been portrayed on the screen, by celebrities and in the media. Rationale: My original paper was supposed to be about weddings and social media but I found that to be too broad and extremely difficult to research.After a couple days of thinking I decided to narrow that topic even more. I decided on how the media has effected society's opinion on homosexuality because I thought it was interesting to see how much the mass media can affect our views on something so controversial. Strengths and Problems: Argument: Some may argue that the media's influence is not a good thing because a lot of people are still against homosexuals but I believe it is something that we cannot avoid. My argument is stronger in thi s final draft, but may still be confusing.Evidence: I spent a lot of time trying to research this topic because this is something IVe never thought about before this paper so it is very unfamiliar to me. Once I started researching though it was apparent how much TV has influenced me and my views on homosexuality, which can be seen in my introductory paragraph. I was so surprised to find out about the term, contact hypothesis. Before this paper, I knew the definition but wasn't sure if there was a term for it. Organizational: I definitely tried to make this paper flow more smoothly. Writing the transition were a little difficult though.I still feel like my conclusion is very weak, I struggled for a long time but could not come up with something that would wrap up the essay better. Style: I'm ot sure what to describe my style as. I Just hope the readers will be able to relate. Revisions and Discoveries: I added more about Ellen DeGeneres, and I also added a paragraph about the film, V alentine's Day. I took out the paragraph about adopting children because I realized that there wasn't much correlation with what the media has done. Questions: Am I using the terms of gays, lesbians, homosexuals and LGBT correctly?Which evidence stood out the most? Yvonne English MiddelJans Media and Homosexuality Autumn 2013 What do we typical think of when we hear the word gay or lesbian? Is it a flamboyant male or a tomboy female? Many years ago this may have been the case and to some it still may be. But when I hear the word gay or lesbian I automatically think about my favorite show, Greys Anatomy and the lesbian couple who are attractive and nothing like tomboys. Homosexuality is one of the most controversial topics in our society but in the past t years our opinions and dispositions nave change d.One main contributing factor that has impacted our society's view on gay marriage is how they have been portrayed on the screen, by celebrities and in the media. On January 1 lth, 97 3 PBS released its first broadcast of, An American Family. The show was a twelve hour documentary series that followed the Loud family of Santa Barbra, California. An American family spanned out into a twelve week show following Bill and Pat Loud and their five children, Lance, Kevin, Grant, Delilah and Michele. This documentary challenged the traditional views of an American middle class family.Unlike shows such as, The Brady Bunch and Leave it to Beaver, which depicted a happy and perfect family, The American Family showed a family going through a divorce and their oldest on, Lance's decision to tell his parents about his homosexuality (An American Family). Lance is widely believed to be the first gay person in American reality television and because of this it has made him a well-known, â€Å"gay icon† to the LGBT community. Lance went on to be a part of a popular band, â€Å"The Mumps† and died at the age of 50 in 2001 due to Hepatitis C and HIV.Lance was an inspir ation and paved the way for homosexuals in the media. Since Lance Longs premier on television many popular shows and movies have aired that have a lead or supporting actor/ actress that is a homosexual or portrays a homosexual. Most of these portrayals have had a positive influence on the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. As more LGBT celebrities came out about their sexual orientation the more acceptable it became for LGBT characters to appear on television. This is a great example of the Contact Hypothesis and the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis.The Contact Hypothesis can be accredited to Gordon W. Allport and states that â€Å"under appropriate conditions, interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. The Parasocial Contact Hypothesis is similar but focuses on one sided relationships. For example, how an individual may know about a celebrity through mass medias but that celebrity does not know about the individual (Schiappa) In 2008 it was briefly legal for homosexuals to become married.Ellen DeGeneres and her partner of then four years, Portia de Rossi took this window of opportunity to become married. DeGeneres lied about her sexual orientation for many years. She made her television debut on The Tonight Show in 1986 and that same year the AIDS epidemic was at its high so a ot of homosexuals were not ready to reveal their sexual orientation due to the fear of being Judged or out casted by society. Ten years later Ellen DeGeneres had the opportunity to have her own show, Ellen. Yet she still decided to keep her orientation a secret.In 1997 during the fourth season of her show, DeGeneres decided to come out about her sexual orientation in a sitcom where she is in the waiting room of an airport trying to tell a woman that she is attracted to her, instead she announces it to the whole audience by accidentally leaning over a microphone Ellen DeGeneres is undoubtedl y a charming person. DeGeneres has won 49 out of 51 award nominations and won the hearts of many Americans. Just some of the great roles she has been a part of include hosting the Emmy Awards, Judging season nine of American Idol and using her popularity to bring awareness to many humanitarian efforts.DeGeneres has supported over 35 different charities including Susan G. Komen for the Cure and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (Neary). Ellen DeGeneres is another perfect example ot the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis. We know everything about ner because of the media, and by seeing her positive influence on the world we have an nclination to like her. In 2008 the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) did a survey of more than 2,000 U. S. adults 18 and older and found that two out of ten changed their views of homosexuals to a more positive view point in the past five years.Thirty four percent said their views were influenced by seeing a gay or lesbian character on tel evision and twenty nine percent said it was by a gay or lesbian character on film (Watercutter). It's amazing how societys view of homosexuals can be changed from a negative to a positive understanding by the power of mass medias. Before the LGBT community was represented on television or films, society did not have an accurately representation of what gays and lesbians were like.Probably thinking that being a homosexual is unnatural and even a mental illness! Some people may still believe that but since being exposed to LGBT characters from shows like Friends (Carol and Susan), Greys Anatomy (Calliope and Arizona) and Will & Grace it has enabled society to be more welcoming or sympathetic towards the LGBT community and resulting in LGBT individuals feeling less like an outcast. The media has also helped promote the realization that omosexuality is very much a part of todays culture in the United States.One of the longest running television shows with gay characters is Will & Grace. Over the eight year span on this television show (1998-2006) Will & Grace has earned sixteen Emmy Awards and eight-three nominations with an average of 17. 3 million viewers a week at its peak in 2001. Will & Grace is a show that positively portrays two gay men with completely different personalities. Will Truman is a gay attorney whose orientation is not necessarily made clear at first to a viewer but his co-star Jack McFarland fits the tereotypical homosexual male.Jack is â€Å"flamboyantly gay, continually unemployed and a self-described actor/dancer/choreographer. † (Schiappa). By showing two different personalities of gay men it can help us better understand that yes, there are homosexual men that are flamboyant but a homosexual man can also take form in a charming and handsome man such as Will Truman. Another idea that was promoted or bought up in Will & Grace is when Will married his long time on-again off-again love affair, Vince and then two of them went on to raise a son together.This brings up he idea of same-sex marriage and how two homosexuals can raise a child together which many people still think is not appropriate but Will & Grace have brought attention to issues like these that the LGBT community have to face daily. Although there aren't as many films that help bring awareness to the LGBT community there are usually small supporting actors that will portray a homosexual. One movie that comes to mind is, Valentine's Day. Valentine's Day follows intertwining couples and single people in Los Angeles and what they expect on this day of love. There is Holden Wilson who is portrayed by Bradly Cooper.Wilson is on the plane chatting up a character played by Julia Roberts. They start to talk about their lives and how Wilson is recently single. Up until the end of the movie not much is told about Wilson's personal life. Then there is Sean Jackson, played by Eric Dane who is a top NFL player who is contemplating retiring from his career. During a press conference Jackson says that typically someone retires because they want to spend more time with their families but Jackson has not been able to do that because he is gay and nas nad to hide his sexual orientation tor the sake ot his career.The reporters are confused on whether or not Jackson will continue to play. He makes it clear that he is going to continue playing in the NLF but he did not want his goals of having a family postponed due to his previous fear of coming out. One of the ending scenes is Wilson surprising Jackson at his home. Throughout the entire movie I had no idea that either characters were homosexuals. Jackson and Wilson are both very handsome and their characters in the movies showed no signs of the stereotypical gay man. This shows that anyone can be gay and that the â€Å"stereotypical† homosexual individual is a tereotype that is slowly dying.By making the characters Wilson and Jackson relatable it helps us as a society have a more accurate r epresentation that anyone around us can be a homosexual and not Just the old stereotype of flamboyant men and tomboy females. The LGBT community has come a long way since the 1970's and they are still fighting for equal rights. Because of the portrayals of gays and lesbians in the media and also the uprising of homosexual celebrities it has helped our society become more open minded and welcoming of the LGBT community when ompared to the mindset of the society fifty years ago.Without the media's influence, where would society be in regards to how much more open minded the world has become of homosexuals? Thanks to the media, it is almost like an approval for individuals that it really is okay to a homosexual and that there is no need to be ashamed. Because if so many people love Ellen, who seems like a normal individual other than the fact that she is a lesbian then there is no need to Judge others on their sexual orientation.

Buisness opportunity

This document can prove to be a major milestone with regards to the development of a marketing plan for the Electrolux Tumble dryers, a product of an American firm to be launched in the German market. This marketing plan intends to capture the German market with a full laid down disruptive marketing strategy. This marketing plan looks at the present market with all the existing market players in this field, and seeks to identify trends which will influence the market potential in the coming years.It looks at the position of the Electrolux brand in the German market, the strengths and weaknesses of the product under study – Tumble dryer. Moreover, these characteristics will be studied to know their influence on the customer and threats in the marketplace. The analysis of this plan identifies a number of probable target markets whose requirements very closely match by the advantages provided by the Electrolux tumble dryers. Finally the marketing plan will set penetration targets for the product and list down the main strategies that are needed to do so.This report lists down some major points that are needed to make a complete analysis of the American product for the German market. INTRODUCTION The Electrolux group was founded in the year 1910 as Elektromekaniska AB, and changed its name to Electrolux in 1919. The company was a holding company in 1928 and now is an independent company. The company has been highly successful in attracting the international customers, worldwide and has successfully gained a prominent market in the white goods industry.The concerned product – Electrolux is a mature product and reviewers acknowledge that it provides a decent amount of functionality that is needed by consumers. A PROPOSED MARKETING PLAN TEMPLATE A properly developed and executed marketing plan will outline the costs, sales, advertisements and promotional figures of the process of introducing Electrolux tumble dryers in the German market. These types of m arketing plans where disruptive marketing potential is being aimed at, it is better to help customers with less expensive and culturally adaptive products.The marketing plan starts with the thought process about the central business activities that will be involved in the marketing of the product. 1. Who are the potential customers and the targeted customers? 2. How will the company price the product after evaluating the buying potential of the buyer? 3. What are the possible channels, sales and methods that can be employed for the effective marketing of the Electrolux tumble dryers? 4. What is the time frame and plan to spend the marketing plans? A typical structure of a proposed marketing plan for the launch of the product in the German markets is represented below:A. Condition Analysis – In this part, the analysis of the targeted German market is done with references to the following issues. These issues may be related to the geographical image, present German market situa tion, competitive analysis of the different brands present in the German market, German customer or end user analysis, Electrolux tumble dryer product review and its distribution. Environment Analysis 1. German Demographic trends (age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, nationality) 2.German Economy and Financial trends 3. Technical Backdrops and Trends 4. Political Issues and Laws 5. German Communal Trends 6. Civilizing Trends within the societies 7. Material Supply Trends/Issues 8. Predictable impact of the Internet on the product marketing plan and Industry, both today and in the future Market Situation 1. German Market Situation 2. Size of total German market 3. Growth trend of total German market 4. Key elements that affect the German market scenario Competitive Situation 1. SWOT Analysis (strengths/weaknesses/opportunities/threats) 2.Listing down of key competitors and their market position with context to the German scenario 3. Evaluation of the size of the competitors and their revenue analysis 4. The German Market share of each of the key competitors 5. Sales trends of key competitors 6. Strong point of key competitors compared to the product or services. 7. Promotion strategies of key player and their likely impact on your product 8. Unique Selling Proposition of the product that can attract the customer 9. Competitors' likely response to your Advertising/Promotion program and your planned counter- measuresDistribution and Supply Situation 1. To organize an efficient distribution channel 2. significance of each distribution channel in terms of: – Percent of business sales – Development potential – Competitive status B. Goals and Objectives – The marketing plan also aims to define the goals of the company and devising the correct strategy. These include the following: 1. Financial objectives – under this, the following are to be considered: Gross sales, Cost of prod ucts, Gross margins, Net profit and ROI. 2.Marketing objectives – under this, the following are to be considered, sales revenue, total ales, and market share and distribution levels. This will also include a marketing timetable which lists all the marketing, advertising and promotional activities. CONCLUSION By choosing to invest in Germany, the investor would be able to be a pioneer in the international market that US is trying to establish. The investor would enjoy the benefits of low taxes, and easy penetration. The track record of the economic growth of Germany only shows that the company is worth investing in.There is a small risk of rental yields going down for the White goods market, this is because the country is improving on its international market and chances are, more and more people would come in the country. Comparing the risks and the benefits of investing in the German market, it is better to choose to invest than choosing not to. Reference List 1. Economist I ntelligence Unit. 2005. â€Å"Country Profile 2005: Germany †. The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2. Export Development United States 2006. â€Å"Exporting Globally : A Guide for White Goods Businesses †.

Airport Body Scanners and Personal Privacy Essays

Airport Body Scanners and Personal Privacy Essays Airport Body Scanners and Personal Privacy Essay Airport Body Scanners and Personal Privacy Essay SecurityAdministrationAirport Body Scanners and Personal Privacy Believe it or not, there was a time when passengers showed up an hour before their flights and walked directly to their assigned gates without taking off their shoes at a security screening station or throwing away their bottles of water. There was even a time when friends and family met passengers at the gate and watch their flights take off or land without having a ticket or identification†¦and that was only ten years ago. Air travel safety precautions changed dramatically after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks that targeted passenger planes in the United States and killed well over 1,000 people. Precautions continue to evolve as new threats are detected and passengers are now concerned about where to draw the line with invasion of privacy versus national security, particularly with the introduction of the body scanners at security checkpoints. Flight passengers must accept the use of body scanners to ensure safe air travel for all. In 2007, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) began distributing body scanners to use at security checkpoints in airports. There was an instant outrage when people were told that the scanners produced images of passengers without clothing. As of September 2010, there were 200 body scanners at 50 airports in the United States with hundreds more to come (Stellin 2010). Disgruntled passengers have vehemently protested the invasion of privacy resulting from the body scan images. Passengers are equally angry with the alternative to the body scan: an intrusive, full-body pat-down that is more intimate than pat-downs of the past. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, â€Å"The TSA has recently changed its guidelines and these pat-downs are now much more invasive. Screeners are now authorized to use the front of their hands and to touch areas around breasts and groins. † (2010). Women and men both liken the new pat-down regulations to sexual molestation and claim that it is not an acceptable option over having a naked body image scanned and viewed by a TSA agent. Holiday travelers were recently advised by independent groups to protest the body scanners’ invasion of privacy by insisting on having the pat-down alternative in public view so fellow travelers could see the invasive nature of the new procedures. There are also concerns over the safety of the body scanners. There are currently two types of scanners: millimeter wave body scanners and backscatter scanners. The millimeter wave scanners use electromagnetic waves to create images, while the backscatter scanners emit low-levels of radiation that reflects off the skin to create the naked body image. Frank 2010). Passengers are demanding to know the long-term effects of the radiation exposure required to capture the body images when using the backscatter scanners. Pilots are also up in arms over the new scanners and claim that the small amounts of radiation exposure increase the already high risk level of cancer seen in airline pilots. Knox claims that the U. S. Airline Pilots Associ ation and the Allied Pilots Association are recommending that pilots refuse the body scanners and request a pat-down (2010). Passengers are arguing that the privacy violations and increased radiation exposure that the body scanners are creating are not even relevant in the fight against terrorism, as most of the current security measures are reactionary. For example, in 2002, Richard Reid attempted to blow up a passenger plane by using a bomb in his shoe. Ever since then, passengers flying out of domestic airports are required to remove their shoes for scanning before clearing security. Security has not uncovered another shoe bombing since the incident. Another example is the 2006 terror plot discovered by British authorities. The plot involved a man who planned to detonate a bomb with liquid explosives and a MP3 player. In response to this threat, passengers were banned from bringing liquids or gels onboard, with the exception of those purchased in the terminal after clearing security†¦bad news for travelers who want to bring a thermos of coffee from home, but good news for the airport vendors. In 2009, a man on a flight from the Netherlands to Detroit attempted to blow up a plane with explosives in his underwear. Although the body scanners were in the United States at the time, they were not in the Netherlands. Passengers argue that no matter how many security measures are put in place, terrorists will find a new and innovative way to cause destruction. They claim that the only guarantee the body scanners can make is violation of privacy for innocent people. Privacy issues often become a heated debate in a country like the United States of America, which was founded on the basic principle of freedom. Passengers are outraged that officials are viewing nude images of their bodies. They are rebelling against intrusive pat-downs and demanding better solutions. The TSA takes all of these concerns under consideration and has made admirable efforts to ensure privacy, as well as to clarify points used in arguments against the new screenings. For example, the TSA has established strict guidelines regarding the images received by the body scanners. Images of women are only viewed by female agents and images of men are only viewed by male agents. The agents viewing the images are in a separate, secure room and never see the passengers they are viewing on screen. According to TSA’s privacy policy, â€Å"The two officers communicate via wireless headset. Once the remotely located officer determines threat items are not present, that officer communicates wirelessly to the officer assisting the passenger. The passenger may then continue through the security process. † (2010). The images are not stored; they are deleted after being viewed. â€Å"Advanced imaging technology cannot store, print, transmit or save the image, and the image is automatically deleted from the system after it is cleared by the remotely located security officer. Officers evaluating images are not permitted to take cameras, cell phones or photo-enabled devices into the resolution room. † (Privacy 2010). Also, in many cases, the scanners have a special feature that blurs faces so distinguishing facial characteristics are not seen. â€Å"To further protect passenger privacy, millimeter wave technology blurs all facial features and backscatter technology has an algorithm applied to the entire image,† (Privacy 2010). Privacy measures have also been taken with the pat-downs. Passengers have the right to request a private area for the pat-downs, out of view from other passengers. The TSA Pat-Down procedure states, â€Å"You have the right to request the pat-down be conducted in a private room and you have the right to have the pat-down witnessed by a person of your choice. All pat-downs are only conducted by same-gender officers. The officer will explain the pat-down process before and during the pat-down. † (2010). While officials are unable to do anything about the intrusive nature of the pat-down, the TSA says, â€Å"Pat-downs are one important tool to help TSA detect hidden and dangerous items such as explosives. Passengers should continue to expect an unpredictable mix of security layers that include explosives trace detection, advanced imaging technology, canine teams, among others. (TSA Statement 2010). According to government officials and researchers, the concerns about increased radiation from the body scanners are unfounded. Consumer Health News quotes physics professor Peter Rez as saying, â€Å"The probability of getting a fatal cancer [from the body scanner] is about one in 30 million, which puts it lower than the probability of being killed by being struck by lightning in any year in the United States, which is about one in 5 million. (Reinberg 2010). While passengers are exposed to very small amounts of radiation from the backscatter body scanner, the millimeter wave scanner’s electromagnetic waves are harmless. Frank states, â€Å"Millimeter-wave machines are entirely safe. Backscatter machines, which emit low levels of radiation, have been studied and declared safe by groups including the Food and Drug Administration, the American College of Radiology and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The FDA says backscatter machines emit less radiation in each scan than a passenger receives during two minutes of a flight. † (2010). The biggest criticism of security measures, including the body scanners, is that they are reactionary methods of keeping flights safe. That statement is true; however, it does not invalidate the fact that the measures have successfully kept domestic flights safe since they were implemented. There hasn’t been another instance of a shoe bomber because terrorists know they will be detected through security. There hasn’t been a liquid explosive or explosives in underwear on domestic flights for the same reason. Without a doubt, the security measures slow travel down, and offend passengers- but they are done in the name of safety and they are the best options currently available for safe travel. Reactionary methods are necessary to prevent the same tragedy from happening over and over again. It is crucial to learn from past weaknesses and build stronger security protocols based on previous attack methods. The new body scanners in airports across the country upset many travelers. It is true that the scanners do produce graphic images; however, there are TSA precautions in place to ensure the utmost level of privacy and respect possible for travelers while protecting the safety of everyone traveling on passenger planes. Health concerns over the scanners are not merited and numerous studies have found that the levels of radiation emitted are negligible. TSA offers a body pat-down for those who remain unconvinced of the scanners’ safety or are unwilling to have an image taken. While the pat-downs are intrusive, like the scanners, they are necessary to ensure the safety of everyone. The reality of the world is that there is danger. There are people all over the world and within the United States who want to do harm to others. An invasion of privacy is preferable over death, particularly when the body scans are conducted with the highest amount of discretion possible while still being effective. Passengers must not think of the new security measures as insulting and degrading; they are, in fact, an insurance policy that makes air travel one step closer to being safe. Reference List Frank, T. (2010, November 24). Answers to questions on new measure. USA Today. Knox, R. (2010). Protests mount over safety and privacy of airport scanners. National Public Radio. Retrieved from npr. org Privacy. (2010). Transportation Security Administration. Retrieved from www. tsa. org. Reinberg, S. (2010, November 23). Airport body scanners safe, experts say. Consumer health news. Stellin, S. (2010, September 12). Are scanners worth the risk? New York Times. TSA pat-down search abuse. (2010). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved from aclu. org/technology-and-liberty/tsa-pat-down-search-abuse TSA statement. (2010). Transportation Security Administration. Retrieved from www. tsa. org.

Free Essays on Frantz Fannon

Frantz Fanon Fanon writes about decolonization in both Africa and in South America. The process of decolonization in his mind is a violent process. Decolonization is in also an issue of race because in the countries which are colonized by the westerners the colonized nations are of a different race. This also fuels the fire of violence in the colonized nations. The European nations who colonized the African nations did so with an iron fist. They ruled the people using fear and punishment. This use of fear and violence is what the native people used to get rid of the foreigners. Fighting for their own land the native people will fight to the end because that is all they have to stand for. In the colonizing efforts all native practices were abolished and in this the people find themselves more connected to their land. The violence which has held the native people back is what is going to propel them into independence. The colonist bourgeoisie were the people who ran the colonies. The homes and businesses were taken over by the native middle class after the decolonization. This was a good thing for the native people but Fanon writes how this also restricted the people from doing other things. For example he speaks about South America and how it was turned into a tourist destination during the time of colonization. After the people fought for their freedom the native bourgeoisie took over the businesses and were forced to continue the tourist business. The colonized nations have little ability to move on and create new and profitable businesses. This is not helpful for the rest of the nation or country all of the lower class. These people don’t benefit from the decolonization and Fanon speaks on how the only people to benefit from the decolonization effort are the top five percent of the population. Another problem faced by the African nations was that 98 percent of the people were illiterate. This raises questio... Free Essays on Frantz Fannon Free Essays on Frantz Fannon Frantz Fanon Fanon writes about decolonization in both Africa and in South America. The process of decolonization in his mind is a violent process. Decolonization is in also an issue of race because in the countries which are colonized by the westerners the colonized nations are of a different race. This also fuels the fire of violence in the colonized nations. The European nations who colonized the African nations did so with an iron fist. They ruled the people using fear and punishment. This use of fear and violence is what the native people used to get rid of the foreigners. Fighting for their own land the native people will fight to the end because that is all they have to stand for. In the colonizing efforts all native practices were abolished and in this the people find themselves more connected to their land. The violence which has held the native people back is what is going to propel them into independence. The colonist bourgeoisie were the people who ran the colonies. The homes and businesses were taken over by the native middle class after the decolonization. This was a good thing for the native people but Fanon writes how this also restricted the people from doing other things. For example he speaks about South America and how it was turned into a tourist destination during the time of colonization. After the people fought for their freedom the native bourgeoisie took over the businesses and were forced to continue the tourist business. The colonized nations have little ability to move on and create new and profitable businesses. This is not helpful for the rest of the nation or country all of the lower class. These people don’t benefit from the decolonization and Fanon speaks on how the only people to benefit from the decolonization effort are the top five percent of the population. Another problem faced by the African nations was that 98 percent of the people were illiterate. This raises questio...