How Great Is Jay Gatsby free essay sample

Jay Gatsby is a precise result of the Jazz age. His Greatness can be examined in a few different ways anyway his trustworthiness and faith In the idea of the American Dream separates him from different characters In the novel. During a time of Emotional corruption and loss of confidence Gatsby ends up being a wellspring of Inspiration with his close Idyllically love for the now hitched Daisy Fay. HIS adoration for Daisy is regularly contrasted and a medieval chivalric love and this affection is negated with the estimations of the age they happen to be living in.Another such incongruity is that Daisy the object of his love is dishonorable of his dedication, subsequently his whole confidence in the fantasy lies lost. The lost confidence in this fantasy is reflected in the material riches depicted all through the novel ,the place of a knight being supplanted with vehicles equal then with riches and influence. We will compose a custom paper test on How Great Is Jay Gatsby or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The methods he uses to accomplish his riches are utilized to scrutinize his significance as well, as he was associated with smuggling and the setting up of medication stores in when such things were illegal.However hose activities can be ignored as he too Like the remainder of the characters Is a result of the Jazz age where unscrupulousness and absence of virtues were regular character qualities In request to be effective. The factor that sets Gatsby separated from Jordan for instance anyway Is his proceeded with faith In the Dream until his own destruction. Scratch Caraway has a huge impact in making the air of Greatness that encompasses Gatsby much after he is no more. Scratch has an affection for Gatsby with statements, for example, There was something lovely about his personality.Throughout the novel we are given a delineation of Gatsby that verges on that of an unfortunate legend. At a certain point in the novel Gatsby is even said to have Committed himself to the accompanying of the Grail. Further accentuating his vain endeavors to prevail upon the unreachable Daisy. Beside the effect he made on individuals that portray him as Great, his own rehash of himself is something that can really be lauded If nothing else. From his arranging of a dither timetable to his commitment In the war. His desire to rise is a momentous case of an unvaried conviction . In spite of the fact that he accomplishes this through Illegal methods in any case demonstrates that any individual who trusts In the fantasy can most likely make their own progress. At the point when he saw Dan Cods yacht moor he ;saw the start of his Career The yacht spoke to all the ;magnificence and marvelousness on the planet. Anyway Gatsby self entertainment is to some degree optimistic from the steady realism of Cody, as he never acquired any cash left from him by Cody, indicating an independence that is limitlessly not the same as the old abundance of East Egg.Therefore in when companionship, unwaveringness and love was totally founded on Material achievement Gatsby had the Greatness to convey forward his fantasy till his demise before which he consented to assume the fault for Myrtles passing as he was gripping on to some last expectation. At a possibility with Daisy. Substantiating himself to genuinely be a result of significance in a period with lost loyalties even among c ompanions and friends and family. How Great Is Jay Gatsby By Janissaries a few different ways anyway his genuineness and faith in the idea of the American Dream test him separated from different characters in the novel. During a time of Emotional corruption and loss of confidence Gatsby ends up being a wellspring of motivation with his close to hopeful love for the now hitched Daisy Fay. His adoration for Daisy is frequently these activities can be disregarded as he too like the remainder of the characters is an item characteristics so as to be effective. The factor that sets Gatsby separated from Jordan for instance anyway is his proceeded with faith in the Dream until his own end. Scratch is something that can really be praised if nothing else.

New Year Wishes From the Arts and More

New Year Wishes From the Arts and the sky is the limit from there At the point when twelve o'clock rolls in on December 31st, individuals everywhere throughout the world cheer and wish each other an upbeat New Year. For a few, this occasion is close to a difference in a schedule. For other people, the New Year represents the start of a superior tomorrow. Along these lines, on the off chance that you anticipate a decent year ahead, spread joy with these great New Year wishes. Irish toastIn the New Year, may your correct hand consistently be loosened up in fellowship, never in need. Minnie L. HaskinsAnd I said to the man who remained at the door of the year: Give me a light that I may step securely into the obscure. What's more, he answered: Go out into the murkiness and put your hand into the hand of God. That will be to you superior to light, and more secure than a known way. Film: When Harry Met Sally, Harry BurnsAnd I love that you are the last individual I need to converse with before I rest around evening time. What's more, its not on the grounds that Im desolate, and its not on the grounds that its New Years Eve. I came here today around evening time since when you understand you need to spend an incredible remainder with someone, you need an amazing remainder to begin as quickly as time permits. Edith Lovejoy PierceWe will open the book. Its pages are clear. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called Opportunity and its first section is New Years Day. Charles DickensA joyful Christmas to everyone! A glad New Year to the world! Sydney SmithResolve to make at any rate one individual glad consistently, and afterward in ten years you may have made 3,000, 600 and fifty people upbeat, or lit up an unassuming community by your commitment to the store of general happiness. AnonymousYour Merry Christmas may rely upon what others accomplish for you. Be that as it may, your Happy New Year relies upon what you accomplish for other people. William Makepeace ThackerayCertain corpuscles, designated Christmas Books, with the apparent aim of expanding the tide of thrill, or other extensive feelings, occurrence upon the departure of the old and the initiation of the New Year. Aisha ElderwynEvery new year individuals cause goals to change parts of themselves they to accept are negative. A greater part of individuals return to how they were previously and feel like disappointments. This year I challenge you to another goals. I challenge you to simply act naturally. F. M. Knowles, A Cheerful Year BookHe who breaks a goals is a weakling; He who makes one is a blockhead. G. K. ChestertonThe object of another year isn't that we ought to have another year. It is that we ought to have a renewed person. John Greenleaf WhittierWe meet todayTo express gratitude toward Thee for the period done,And Thee for the initial one T. S. EliotFor a years ago words have a place with a years ago language and one years from now words anticipate another voice. What's more, to make an end is to make a start. Emily MillerThen sing, youthful hearts that are brimming with cheer,With never an idea of sorrow;The old goes out, however the happy youthful yearComes happily in tomorrow Martin LutherGlory to God in most noteworthy heaven,Who unto man His Son hath given;While blessed messengers sing with delicate mirth,A happy new year to all the earth Walter ScottEach age has regarded the infant yearThe fittest time for festal cheer Benjamin FranklinBe consistently at war with your indecencies, content with your neighbors, and let each New Year discover you a superior man. Edgar A. GuestA cheerful New Year! Award that IMay carry no tear to any eyeWhen this New Year in time will endLet it be said Ive played the friend,Have lived and cherished and worked here,And made of it an upbeat year. William Arthur WardThis brilliant new year is given meTo live every day with zestTo day by day develop and attempt to beMy most noteworthy and my best! Ella Wheeler WilcoxWhat can be said in New Year rhymes,Thats not been said a thousand times?The new years come, the old years go,We realize we dream, we dream we know.We ascend giggling with the light,We rests sobbing with the night.We embrace the world until it stings,We revile it at that point and moan for wings.We live, we love, we charm, we wed,We wreathe our prides, we sheet our dead.We chuckle, we sob, we trust, we fear,And that is the weight of a year. Charles LambOf all stable all things considered, the most grave and contacting is the chime which rings out the Old Year.

How to Make a Blog - Information and Tips

How to Make a Blog - Information and TipsIn the 'how to make a blog' tip and information section of our website, there is a list of societal issues. These are grouped by type, most commonly relating to gender issues and economics. Although there are no universal definitions for each group, it is helpful to know that many of these groups are more commonly associated with other common topics, such as race, ethnicity, and religion.In the Society category, the first entries include, 'Women,' 'Gays,' and 'Gender.' The issues discussed range from discrimination against women and gender-based abuse in the workplace. Examples of blogs and forums that discuss these issues are Rape Crisis Center, Coming Out, and History of Women's Issues. Articles written about this topic are Women in Science and Women in Politics.In the Economic category, the first entries include, 'Econ.,' 'G,' and 'Economics.' This category includes economics including those related to finance, banking, and economics in gen eral. The topic of finance is extremely diverse. The topic of economics is usually a combination of economics, macroeconomics, and microeconomics. People often write articles about the economic aspect of their life.In the Social issues category, the first entries include, 'Gender,' 'Racial,' and 'Healthcare.' There are many issues that address social issues, including; reproductive rights, sex crimes, and relationships between religion and politics. Of course, the topic of abortion has been a controversial one.In the 'Societal Issues' category, the first entries include, 'Group,' 'Wage/Workplace,' 'Race,' and 'Politics.' Although it is the most popular category, these three categories are grouped together because each category is often interrelated. The issue of race and civil rights is always a very touchy subject. Any discussion of issues that affect people of color will also touch on the topic of race and in turn affect the discussion of economics.There are many theories that dea l with issues of society/society/culture/country/culture/etc. Some of these theories include; materialism, individualism, and egalitarianism. They have their own names and definitions. For example, the 'materialist definition' describes a theory that values the material aspects of life, whereas the 'egalitarianism' is a theory that emphasizes fairness.Most people have a unique perspective on many issues, whether they realize it or not. However, some people tend to generalize these ideas into one another. A blog about issues that affect women, such as women in society, would be an example of an egalitarianism blog. On the other hand, a blog about issues affecting men, such as men in society, would be described as materialistic.If you want to know more about the types of blogs and forums listed above, the information is available to you in the 'How to Make a Blog' tip and information section of our website. You will find other tips on what to do to make your blog and website a success .

Globalization Of Business At Higher Level Management

Globalization of Business In the world of business, businessmen and women at higher-level management positions need to be able to lead, persuade, control, and communicate with fellow members of their expanding global marketing management discourse community., If these managers are not able to have full control over their staff and business operations, then the branch they are in charge of could end up in disarray and possibly result in a complete failure. as well asManagers also need to be able to reach their audiences and those who may not be in that specific discourse community, but who are associated with the business world whothat make the field of business the trillion dollar daily market it is today. Due to the fact that businesses†¦show more content†¦There are an extensive amount of problems that emerge from the globalization of businesses. Companies that have been left in technological darkness have fallen deeply behind in the quest for economical world power. Other issues involving globalization include some economic policies that countries may have, larger nations abilities to undersell domestic companies, multinational corporations ability to create large plants and work facilities while giving workers poor working conditions, along with the mindset that marketing managers once had but mow are forced to expand to a global thought process and so on. The globalization of businesses affects the personal, production, and the business mindset on numerous levels across the board. When the technology we now use for business purposes today was not available, the success one has as a marketing manager for a major company meant, for the most part, the ability to sell and market your companies product domestically at the highest level possible. However, due to the major advancements in technology such as the Internet that have expanded the marketability of companies, the views of what now makes a successful manager have changed. If marketing managers for a larger company were to only focus on the domestic customer and not have a global mindset, then they wouldill surely fail to expand across the seas or to other countries and more than likely lose their job.

The Hunger Of The Walking Dead - 1021 Words

The Walking Dead is a television show that leaves its audience terrified and apprehension at 9 pm on Sunday nights. While members of the audiences are chewing on popcorn, The Walking Dead provides a taste for human cannibalism. The walkers, â€Å"Zombies†, feed on human flesh and have no thought of mortality. The atmosphere of The Walking Dead leaves all its characters with a dreary future until Rick Grimes just waking up from a comma in a hospital shows up with bringing leadership into the group with authority; and leaves the apocalyptic world less dull and grim also bringing hope for the group surviving. Rick in the episode â€Å"Guts† just being introduced into the group has heard a commotion of gunshots being fired from the top of the building. The whole group rushes upstairs to see Merle Dixon firing away at zombies attracting more and more until T Dog confronts Merle. Merle terrifies the whole group impelling T Dog to the concrete demanding leadership until Rick k nocks Merle to ground handcuffing him to the roof. This brings hope into the group in which the group without rick the group was too weak to fend for their self and couldn’t of stop Merle from killing T Dog and hurting them. People started looking up to Rick more as a leader. Later on in that episode, Andrea was eyeballing a piece of jewelry wanting that some sort of approval from Rick to take it. Rick â€Å"Why don’t you take it†. Andrea â€Å"Because there is a cop staring at me†. She didn’t want to take it because sheShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of The Hunger Games And The Road1638 Words   |  7 PagesHumanity is one of the many virtues we as humans believe we are born with. However, living in a world much like the one described in both The Hunger Games and The Road novels, some may argue that turning off one’s humanity is a necessity. Nevertheless, both novels prove that while some characters had to turn off their humanity in a horrifi c world like The Hunger Games and The Road, the two main characters of each book demonstrated how a barbaric world could not take that virtue from them. ​These twoRead MoreThe Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween American and Chinese cultures. The two cultures have different views of what a ghost is. The Chinese believe the ghost spirits may be of people dead or alive. Chinese culture recognizes foreigners and unfamiliar people as ghosts because, like American ghosts, they are mysterious creatures of the unknown. Americans view ghosts as spirits of the dead that either help or haunt people. American ghosts may or may not be real. There spirits are there but physical appearance is a mystery. ChineseRead MoreMy Experience My Learning Experience850 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel my stomach growling since I had not ate since 9am. I began walking to Canes Chicken Fingers to grab a three finger combo to ease my hunger. As I walked back I passed by the bus stop and still saw no one in site, I sat on the stair on the Engineering Building and ate my Chicken fingers as my hunger was beginning to die down. It was 15 minutes passed when I got texts saying they were on their way, I looked around til I saw Hope walking toward the bus stop I caught up to her, then we saw Casey andRead MoreEssay on Chinese and American Ghosts (Woman Warrior)1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween American and Chinese cultures. The two cultures have different views of what a ghost is. The Chinese believe the ghost spirits may be of people dead or alive. Chinese culture recognizes foreigners and unfamiliar people as ghosts because, like American ghosts, they are mysterious creatures of the unknown. Americans v iew ghosts as spirits of the dead that either help or haunt people. American ghosts may or may not be real. There spirits are there but physical appearance is a mystery. ChineseRead MoreSummary of Survival In Auschwitz by Primo Levi 1019 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-five year old chemist who was involved in the anti-Fascist movement in Italy. In late 1943, Levi was captured and sent to Auschwitz, where he stayed for the remainder of the war. Survival in Auschwitz is a bitter account, drenched and coated in pain, hunger, and cold. Prisoners are gradually dehumanised into Haftlinge who are only concerned with their own existence, and, at times, barely that. Levi describes the endless lengths Haftlinge go to ensure that they keep whatever meagre possessions they haveRead MoreMy Zombie Story Essay1476 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered one of the greatest scourges of all time. Never needing to eat or drink or sleep, yet always a hunger for human. It doesn’t even get digested. Zombies are the undead; they don’t have blood pumping through their bodies, or even oxygen. They have no need to eat, but I can tell you personally, they want to. I se em to be a special exception to the rule however. I can think. I’m by all rights dead, a zombie in everyway, I cannot talk, I decompose, I moan horrendously, but I know exactly what I’mRead MoreThe Hunger Games And Leon : The Professional Seems Like Quite An Odd Request Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pages At first glance, asking for a comparative essay between The Hunger Games and Leon: The Professional seems like quite an odd request. One is a mainstream and ultra-popular children’s movie and book franchise, the other a gritty mature French cult film. It’s a tough ask at first glance. However, by using some careful thought while going through both works, it’s possible to be surprised by the number and depth of similarities they share. In this essay I will be exploring the topics of father figuresRead MoreThe Hunger Games Trilogy1719 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Hirschhorn Essay 10/16/12 The trilogy of The Hunger Games written by Suzanne Collins, focuses on a country that is being controlled by an oppressive government and the people who are fighting against it for their freedom. Although the odds are against the rebels, they continue to combat tyranny at the risk of their own lives. The story takes place in the not too distant future in a country called Panem, which represents the United States. The Capitol, which is the center of the nationalRead MoreEssay about How Zombies Could Really Exist in Real Life1141 Words   |  5 Pagesfungus. In pig farms, the dead pigs have not been noticed, allowing post-mortem development of fungus. Dead pigs are partially eaten by their own living counterparts, allowing the fungus to strain with post-mortem mutations to spread back into the population. Dead pigs have a simple bite reflex that could transmit spores to nearby pigs. A bite combined with a muscular spasm, a sort of lunge could work even better. This could develop into full post-mortem mobility. A dead host came from a drawbackRead MoreClassification of Zombie Movies Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesstill startling zombies, like Night of the Living Dead. Night’s â€Å"zombies are slow, the humans just get themselves into trouble by reacting stupidly, or not paying enough attention to the problem.† (G.A. Romero) Next, films like Shaun of the Dead, which portray the sometimes amusing but still creepy zombies. And finally, movies like Day of the Dead (2008) which introduce the completely terrifying, gravity-defying zombies. Night of the Living Dead presents zombies that move slowly but deliberately

Essay about The concept of the Democratic Peace Theory

Democratic Peace Theory The concept of the Democratic Peace Theory is based on the idea that whether states are likely to go to war or choose peace depends on the type of political system they have. There are three sub divisions 1) Monadic; Democracies that tend to be generally peaceful and are not likely to go to war, although people (can you identify people) who argue this only examine the years 1960-1970. 2) Dyadic; This version is the most accepted amongst theorists, very peaceful among one another, only likely to go to war against non allies. 3) Systematic; This is a union of states like the UN or NATO. In most literature on the this topic the two main views or interpretations of this theory (Normative logic Institutional logic)†¦show more content†¦To date, though, notably few studies have investigated whether democratic publics are more hesitant to attack democracies than autocracies.Moreover, the small body of actual work has not computed for variables that could confound the relationship bounded by shared democracy and public support for war, nor has it explored the mechanisms by which the regime nature of the adversary affects the public mood. Despite decades of inquisition on the democratic peace, we still lack convincing documentation about whether and how public opinion contributes to the absence of war among democracies. The leaders who make the ultimate decisions about war and peace in democracies have powerful impetus to respect the opinions of citizens. Public opinion matters for several reasons. First, leaders who disappoint or antagonize their constituents risk being removed from office. While early research believe that public opinion on foreign policy was incoherent (Almond 1960) and that politics â€Å"stopped at the water’s edge† (Wildavsky 1966), this interpretation has been supplanted by many other studies showing that mass opinion is logical and influential. Leaders know that citizens care about foreign policy, which foreign policy regularly plays a role in electoral campaigns, and that foreign policy mistakes can hurt leaders at the ballot box (Aldrich 1989; Gronke 2003; Gelpi 2007). Second, democratic leaders face institutional pressure on their powers to useShow MoreRelatedReliable Partners : How Democracies Have Made A Separate Peace1470 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracies Have Made a Separate Peace,† argues that Democratic Peace Theory offers an explanation as to why democracies, in particular, have avoided the war front. In his delineation, he cites the ideals of bargaining, mutual benefit, reluctance to bear the cost of war, and the restraint placed upon elected official as to why democracies, unlike non-democracies, have avoided conflict for as long as they have (Lipson 10). His argument, alike to other Democratic peace theorists, consist of the ideaRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory954 Words   |  4 PagesThe democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took pr eeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic peace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggestedRead MoreLiberalism and Its Key Values821 Words   |  3 Pageswhich can guarantee peace between its adherents. The ‘Democratic Peace’ has been formulated in order to illustrate a world in which democratic states do not engage in war between each oth-er as fellow democrats live with a stable and historically unique form of government. This essay shall explore whether it is acceptable that one can portray ‘liberal democracy’ in par-ticular as universally applicable in a standard form. This is a central tenet of the democratic peace theory and as such requiresRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic Peace Democratic peace is presently a theory that has come under fire from many individuals due to the complex nature in which it is applied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. There are currently two accepted arguments: (1) Democracies do not fight one another because they are self-organizing systems and are therefore fundamentally distinct from other statesRead MoreDemocracy in The Middle East Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pageswould not necessarily create peace due to their cultural and geographical context. From a westernised perspective we may heavily associate the nature of democracy with peace but the history of international relations and theory has continue to show that this is definitely not the case. The Democratic Peace Theory itself contains weakness and vulnerabilities due to its reliance on ‘casual logic’ (Layne 1994, Pg. 13) lacking of detailed explanations. When considering peace as a direct outcome of liberalRead MoreThe Cold War Between America And The Soviet Union Between 1945 And 19801070 Words   |  5 Pagesregulate law in International relations, the system will not be able to provide any public good, in this case, PEACE among states. However, to some extent they do. To achieve this peace, both realists and liberals have outlined various factors that facilitate this provisio n among States. For liberals, peace among states can be achieved through economic cooperation, democratic peace theory and the establishment of hegemons. Realist on the other hand believe in nuclear deterrence, and the balance ofRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesideals upon less democratic states? Hegemony is the concept meaning primacy of the leading state over the subordinate states without the use of any direct forms of violence (invasion, occupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracy promotion is an essential action from more prosperous states in order to achieve international peace and protect humanRead MoreIs the EU Democratic?1411 Words   |  6 Pagestreaties and resolutions, has strived to promote values such as peace, cooperation or democracy, and in 2012 was awar ded the Nobel Peace Prize for having â€Å"contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe† (Nobel Media AB, 2012). Despite its struggle for promoting democracy, the EU itself has long experienced scholarly criticisms that it suffers the democratic deficit, from which its democratic legitimacy is undermined by observable problems in politicalRead MoreThe Theory Of International Relations1535 Words   |  7 PagesWhen studying International Relations, there are various theories involved, three of these theories being: realism, liberalism, and constructivism. A theory is fundamentally ideas and complex concepts that have their own way of understanding something. These theories are used in evaluating world politics, by coming up with a unique way of identifying and explaining the events that occur around the world (Mingst 5). The theories help explain different perspectives on how the world system functions;Read MoreDifferences B etween Morgenthau And Kant1311 Words   |  6 PagesA school of thought, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is a point of view held by a particular group. Schools of thought relating to world politics are theories that have been the center and cause of countless debates. Two of the most well-known and influential schools of thought in the realm of international politics are realism and liberalism. While the ideas making up both systems have been around for centuries, each school has been since furthered and analyzed by international relations

My Dying Bride Essay Example For Students

My Dying Bride Essay What a FastCGI Application Looks Like FastCGI with Perl and Tcl Installing and Configuring FastCGI Incorporating FastCGI Functionality into Apache Building the FastCGI Developers Kit Perl FastCGI Programs The mod_fastcgi Module The AppClass Directive CFastCGIFastCGI is a high-performance replacement to the CGI standard. It provides a significant improvement in performance over the existing CGI interface. In its current implementation, FastCGI provides manydesirable enhancements that make it a very attractive and competitive alternative to proprietary technologies for developing Web-based applications. Under many circumstances, it will be a better choice toimplement FastCGI than to develop a custom server module using Apaches proprietary server Application Programmers Interface (API). FastCGI is available from http://www.fastcgi.com. (See Figure C.1.) The site is the official resource to all FastCGI information. It has complete documentation and whitepapers on FastCGI. Also nice is a mailing lista threaded archive that is available through the Web. FastCGI is a proposed open standard; this means that it is not currently widely accepted, but it has received a warm welcome by many significant people on the Internet who are responsible for setting thestandards. More than likely, this welcome will turn into acceptance on both free and commercial Web server offerings, which will help it in becoming blessed from a standard point of view. FastCGI is appealing not only because of its performance enhancements but because the effort required to migrate existing code is very small. As a bonus, software developed under this proposed standardhas a high degree of portability. These portability issues help a great deal toward setting it as a viable candidate to become a standard, especially on installations that have committed extensive resources toFastCGI is not a development environment in terms of having to learn yet another programming language. In a very simplistic desc ription, FastCGI it is a CGI program that uses additional libraries, so it doesrequire that you learn an API. The basic API is tiny, though; one call is all you need to migrate many of your current programs. FastCGI FeaturesThe main features of FastCGI are as follows: A huge increase in performance. FastCGI programs continue to live between requests, making their responsiveness faster and reducing delays due to forking and program initialization. Programming language-independent implementation. Like CGI, you can develop your FastCGI application with a variety of languages. Currently there are programming libraries for Perl, C/C++, Tcl,and Java. Porting existing code to FastCGI is easy, allowing you to easily migrate your existing code base without having to redo what you have done. FastCGI processes are isolated from the Web server core. Much like CGI, FastCGI applications offer greater security and reliability than developing a similar functionality as a module using a serverServer technology separation. There are FastCGI modules for various servers, including Apache, NCSA, and the Open Market Secure WebServer. For any other server that supports CGIs, thecgi-fcgi program, included in the FastCGI distribution, implements the FastCGI environment. Distributed computing support. FastCGI applications can execute on a different host from the Web server. This allows you to offload FastCGI execution to other application servers, permitting yourWeb server to handle an increased load. FastCGI programs can run on any host that can be reached over TCP/IP. The concept of roles. Traditional CGI programs fall into the responder role; they respond to some action initiated by a browser and send back some HTML. FastCGI programs can also perform otherroles, such as a filter or as part of some authentication scheme. This allows for providing extra functionality that would usually be relegated to a server module. The currently available FastCGI modulefor Apache does not include s upport for roles other than responder, but this may change in the future. Performance EnhancementThe increase in performance alone would be a good enough reason to migrate CGIs to FastCGI, especially on loaded servers. This increase in performance is achieved primarily because FastCGI processesare persistent. Forking under UNIX is very expensive, and FastCGI addresses this issue by reusing processes. This saves on the initialization time and can also provide enhancements when data calculated byone call to the program can be reused in another transaction. Unlike CGIs, which are forked every time theres a request for the functionality, FastCGI processes are reused. After a request is fulfilled, the process remains, waiting for additional requests. Programs that rely on an interpreter such as Perl or Tcl can gain a great deal from this technology because the command interpreter will compile the program once, not once per call. The time required to doall this pre-run initialization is e liminated. On the program side, this can yield to enhancements such as establishing a connection with a database or some other process because the connection only needs tohappen once. Add to this the load to launch the interpreter program, and the savings are significant. What sort of performance gains can you obtain? According to information posted on the FastCGI Web site, Open Markets tests show the following: Client, Server, and Application Processing Time 21ms + 0.19ms/KB 22ms + 0.28ms/KB 59ms + 0.37ms/KB Add to this the cumulative time that it takes for an application to establish a TCP/IP connection to, say, a database. Under CGI, a process will have to initialize each time it is run. FastCGI can yield aperformance increase of four times the speed of the same program used as CGI. In load terms, this could mean that your server could potentially handle four times your current CGI load. However, the levelof enhancement will depend on the source of the bottleneck. If your databas e server is the current source of the problem, FastCGI cannot do much about that except reduce the number of connections thatthe database server will need to perform, perhaps giving it more time to process data instead. FastCGI APIThe FastCGI API has a handful of calls: FCGI_Accept is used to implement the server connectivity and control the running of the FastCGI program. FCGI_Finish gives you control after the FastCGI program has executed, but before running the next request. FCGI_SetExitStatus is used to set the exit status of the request. Most CGI programs dont return meaningful exit status, so this call is seldom used. FCGI_StartFileterData enables you to implement a special type of FastCGI application, called a filter. Currently the Apache implementation of the FastCGI module doesnt support roles, of which thefilter type is a member, but this likely will change in the near future. Filters allow you to implement programs that will convert one data format to another on-the-fly (for example, TIFF to GIF). Data is read and written through the standard input, output, and error streams. FastCGI also provides macros that map files and streams to native calls supported by your operating system. Like CGI, you can create FastCGI applications in almost any language. However, you are currently limited to the ports of the library. Currently available are Perl, C/C++, Tcl, Java, and very soon Python,which should be available by the time you read this. Also in the works is a multithreaded C/C++ library that has not been released, but should be available as part of the 1.6 release. The multithreaded libraryallows a single application process to handle concurrent requests, which will allow you to implement things like HTTP-based chat applications. Even though FastCGI is not universal, most developers should find themselves at home in one of the programming languages previously mentioned. As soon as FastCGI gains more acceptance, there will beadditional libraries impleme nted. Developers are encouraged to port the FastCGI libraries to their programming language of choice, ensuring that the openness of the extension is more widely supported. Thesuccess of FastCGI will depend on getting many vendors and programmers to support it. Given its current feature set, it should have no trouble reaching this goal. The design of FastCGI also wins big on the learning curve because unlike server APIs, you are still programming a CGI, so you can leverage what you already know. The only issues that you will need toaddress have to do with reorganizing your application so that the initialization code, which is done once, is kept separate from the application body. FastCGI applications are long-lived; they are kept alivebetween transactions. This also means that memory needs to be managed because unlike CGIs, which have a short life span, FastCGI processes may execute for undetermined amounts of time. Data sent to a FastCGI application by the server is accessed throug h special streams that provide complete binary compatibility with the CGI standard. This also allows a FastCGI program to run as a regularCGI program. A FastCGI program can determine, at runtime, if it is being run as CGI or as FastCGI and behave accordingly. This translates into an environment that allows you to migrate FastCGI programs down, should you ever need to. This provides server independence because the same binary can be run on two serverssayApache and Netscapeunder the same operating system without even needing to be rebuilt or require programming modifications, even if the server couldnt support FastCGI. This feature alone is veryinteresting from a legacy and recycling standpoint. Also, all servers support FastCGI. The FastCGI Developers Kit comes with a program called cgi-fcgi that allows you to run FastCGI responderapplications. The cgi-fcgi program allows any Web server that supports CGI to run FastCGI. FastCGI applications communicate with Apache using a single full -duplex connection. Through this connection, the server transmits the environment variables and stdin to the FastCGI application; stdout andstderr streams from the application are sent back to the server. What a FastCGI Application Looks LikeA modified version of my HelloWorld.c looks like this: printf (Content-type: text/htmlrnrn);printf(*HEAD**TITLE*Hello World!*/TITLE**/HEAD*);printf(*BODY**H1*Hello, this is a FastCGI program!*/H1*);printf(*BIG**P*I can tell that you are visiting from %s.*/P*);printf(*p*This page has been accessed: %d times*/P**/BIG**/BODY*, getenv(REMOTE_HOST), ++timesVisited);This version makes use of the fact that the application is persistent and will maintain a count of the times the program is run (until the program dies). As you can see from this example, FastCGI applications follow this sequence: 1.Initialization. Persistent connections or data that should be available from request to request are initialized in this section. Initialization is done only o nce. The initial environment for FastCGI applicationsis set through the AppClass directive, which is added by the FastCGI module. 2.The Response Loop. This loop is started by the FCGI_Accept() routine, implemented in the FastCGI library. A call to this routine blocks program execution until the program receives a client request. Elements In The Road Not Taken EssayFastCGI is a great choicethe learning-and-setup curve is hours, not days like other environments. Performance Enhancement What a FastCGI Application Looks Like FastCGI with Perl and Tcl Installing and Configuring FastCGI Incorporating FastCGI Functionality into Apache Building the FastCGI Developers Kit Perl FastCGI ProgramsBibliography:

Short Stories Essays - Rhetorical Techniques,

Short Stories Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown was not asleep in this short story. As I read, I believed that Goodman did indeed meet the devil in the forest. If he had indeed dreamt about the trip he was sent on and meeting the devil, I think his nervousness would have been described in more detail then it was. Concentrating more on the anxiety he was feeling would have led the reader to believe that the events were not real. I also saw this story as an allegory. I saw the allegory after reading the story two times. I think it is centered on Goodman Brown having a bumpy past and that he wants to go beyond his past and reach heaven. The characters names also show the religious allegory in the story. The names Goodman and Faith are used and the characters are then soon faced with terrifying evil. I think that Goodman Brown and his wife, Faiths names symbolize that they are good, religious people and that Goodman is making up everyone being evil in his head. I found an essay by Alexa Carlson that described the symbolism in light vs. dark, forest vs. town, nature vs. human, and fantasy vs. reality. In her paper, Essay #1: Young Goodman Brown, she states that fantasy vs. reality are employed to reinforce the idea that good and evil have been set up as strict categories into which no one, not even the religious figures of the community, fit neatly. As she later writes, if Hawthorne was apprehensive about what he considers right and wrong in terms of human behavior, I think he would have spend more time building up his tragic end. Young Goodman Brown was a pretty sad story because he was happy with all the locals and his faith until the trip came into Goodman Browns life. Goodman is pure going into the forest, but in a sense comes out of the forest somewhat evil. He comes back thinking he is better than everyone else and ends up isolating himself to lead a very lonely life. Source: Carlson, Alexa. Essay #1: Young Goodman Brown. www.crwl.utexas.edu Nathaniel Hawthorne, My Kinsman, Major Molineaux I read some information about Nathaniel Hawthornes life and then thinking back to this story, I see his life somewhat reflected in the main character. I saw him relating himself to Robin and parallel the emotions and similarities to that of his own life. I remember reading that Hawthorne locked himself up in a room for twelve years and completely isolated himself from the people around him. In My Kinsman, Major Molineaux, Robin is given a lesson and isolated from the group of the new colony. He leads himself to his own misery and disrespect because he recognized himself as a kinsman and wanted something back. Both Hawthorne and Robin face the problem of being accepted by society. They both had their shares of complications and complexity fitting in with their surroundings. The first paragraph of the story is there to let you know something. There is a hint hidden in the paragraph about the fate of Major Molineaux. He states that uprisings are beginning to occur in the colonies. Robin is an 18 year old who travels across the ocean to see Major Molineaux. He seems confident that all will work out even though he does not know where his uncle lives. He goes with little money and asks where Major Molineaux lives. His first attempt to find his uncle is a disappointment. All the people he asks are mean to him but he still keeps looking. From the story, I get that Robin does not really want to find Major Molineaux. Once he sees his uncle tarred and feathered, he starts laughing and realizing how much he has grown from his trip. The older people in the story seem to be really mean. I think they have a greater hatred toward Major Molineaux. The man Robin sees with the black and red face scares him. I think the red and black represent danger and anger and possibly evil. The danger could represent either that the mob is supposed to be something evil or that the mob represents the violent changes

How to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA)

How to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA) If you’ve ever been in a hospital or a nursing home you’ve likely seen a certified nursing assistant (CNA). CNAs work under the supervisions of register nurses or licensed practical nurses to provide basic care services to patients in medical centers, nursing homes and other long term care facilities. As with many other healthcare positions, the demand for CNAs has been growing for years and according to the United States Bureau of Labor and Statistics, they project job growth of 11% for these positions through 2026. Skills needed to become a certified nursing assistant (CNA)From an educational standpoint, a CNA is required to have a diploma or GED and must pass a CNA certification program before earning their license. Typically, a CNA training course will take between six to twelve weeks to complete and includes classroom work as well as hands-on training with clinical activities. While some states differ slightly on training requirements, in general, a CNA will be tra ined on essential skills such as:Infection controlAnatomy and medical terminologyProper documentation techniquesBasic nursing skills and patient care such as taking vital signs, bathing, dressing, and groomingPatient rightsCommunication skillsThe certified nursing assistant (CNA) examAfter completing classroom training, aspiring CNAs must then pass the two-part CNA exam to earn their license. The first part is a written test which consists of 60 to 75 questions depending on the testing provider. Different states use different testing providers, the three main ones being:Headmaster – 75 questionsPrometric – 60 questionsPearson Vue – 70 questionsA score of 80% or higher will pass you in every state, though you can pass in a few select states with scores down to 70%. While test taking can be nerve-wracking for some, there are a lot of excellent free CNA test practice resources available online to help prepare for exam day.The second portion of the exam is the CNA s kills test. This portion of the exam requires the potential CNA to demonstrate a selected number of skills for a test proctor. Typically, tests will include the demonstration of five skills from a predetermined list, with one or two required skills such as demonstrating proper hand hygiene. This section of the test is typically the hardest and requires diligent preparation to successfully demonstrate and explain each skill.Obtaining a certified nursing assistant (CNA) licenseOnce the state CNA exam has been passed there are still additional steps to become and remain a licensed CNA. The next step is to submit for a license application to the state licensing board. This is usually a two page or less application that asks for basic information such as name, address, social security number, driver’s license number, criminal background, etc. In addition, CNAs will need to supply documentation to show they’ve completed a state approved training program along with a fingerpr int for a thorough background check.Once the above steps have been completed and a license has been obtained, a CNA will be expected to complete continuing education courses to maintain their license. Many employers will subsidize this training if asked. Typically, CNAs are required to complete 48 hours of continuing education every two years.Finding a job as a certified nursing assistant (CNA)There is tremendous demand for CNAs presently, and that demand will likely continue to grow in the future. This has led some employers to get creative in their recruiting efforts. Many facilities, especially nursing homes, will offer to cover the cost of CNA training for potential employees in exchange for agreeing to work for them for a minimum period of time upon completing their certification. While not every employer will offer up this kind of a deal, a quick search on any of the major job search websites should turn up a number of local opportunities near any population center.How much do es a certified nursing assistant (CNA) get paid?The most recent number from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics pins the average salary for CNAs at $27,510 per year. That said, there are a number of factors that can impact how much a CNA gets paid. The first factor is location. The average annual salary for a CNA in Alaska, for example, is $37,950. That’s the highest average salary in the United States, while the lowest is in Louisiana, where the average annual pay is $21,880. The second factor is the industry in which a CNA works. There are a broad range of industries that employ CNAs, including the federal government and scientific research businesses. A job in one of these sectors can mean a pay increase of $10,000 or more over a job at a home health care service business or an assisted living facility.The takeawayBecoming a CNA can be a relatively quick and easy way to gain a stable paycheck and get a foot in the door in the healthcare industry. Certification can be gained quickly and fairly cheaply, or even free in the right circumstances. While the initial pay isn’t particularly high, many CNAs progress into transitional education programs to become licensed practical nurses or into other higher paying healthcare roles. Depending on a person’s situation and goals, becoming a CNA can be a career destination or the first step on a bigger career journey.About the AuthorAshley Grader is a career advisor, assisting those interested in starting a career in healthcare. With over a decade of nursing experience, she assists new CNAs, LPNs, and RNs start their career on the right track.

In 2,500 words, discuss and analyse the key principles important for Essay

In 2,500 words, discuss and analyse the key principles important for developing speaking, listening, writing or reading skills ( - Essay Example A number of methods and techniques that demonstrate the implementation of these theoretical perspectives in the classroom are also articulated, including methods for specific class environments. Introduction Contemporary research into foreign language reading instruction notes that teaching models are greatly varied. Teaching models in first language reading have served foundationally as models in teaching second-language reading. Stahl and Hayes (1997) have discussed the ways that academic models influence and help shape approaches that teacher’s adopt in the classroom. The types of models also change with practitioners’ age and experience. A main concern is that the difference between first language reading teaching and second language reading teaching is that the students have already developed first language reading skills that are influencing the second-language reading process. The different orthographies of the first-language also affect second-language reading a bility and researchers argue that this must be taken into consideration when developing lesson plans. Second language reading theory dates back to the inception of psychology as a formal discipline with cognitive theorists such as William Wundt. This research focused mainly on investigating perceptual issues. Beginning in the 1880s researchers fore-grounded the foundations of what came to represent the predominant focus of studies for the next century. In 1908 Huey published Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading which shifted focus in a more behaviorist slant until the 1960s. With Syntactic Structures and further attacks on behaviorist processes, academic attention shifted back to perceptual issues, with researchers investigating reading speed and eye focus. Notably, it was around this time that reading comprehension became a major issue for teachers. Today there are a number of key principles that are crucial to teaching reading in the foreign language classroom. Still, it is necessar y for the teaching professional to balance these elements according to classroom circumstances and student needs. This essay discusses and analyses the key principles important for developing reading skills and ways these principles can be applied in the foreign language classroom. Communicative Competence Key Principles Research on communicative competence reading theory differs greatly in its exact definition, with each offering slight variations of perspective. In Fundamental Considerations of Language Testing, Bachman offers an extremely dichotomous definition of communicative competence. He begins by stating that effective communication begins with a Language Competence phase and then filters down to a Strategic, Psychophysiological, and ultimately contextual scenario. In large part, Bachman is making the case that separate components of language exist that can’t be measured in objective, starkly grammatical terms. That while Organizational Competence, or â€Å"those ab ilities involved in producing†¦grammatically correct sentences† is a major component of language, communicative competence functions to illuminate the necessity of teaching, â€Å"†¦language users and the context of communication† – that is, pragmatic concerns (Bachman 87). In Communicative Competence, an example of the written elements of language is examined through

Definition of the words Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of the words - Assignment Example The Painting is part of Church in Convent of Santa Maria in Milan (Ladwein, 13). It has an historic precedence to the times of Jesus Christ, exactly on the evening where Jesus along with his followers shared a dinner. Stage: Stage is that part of the theater where the actors perform their roles. Stage can be arranged and organized in multiple ways, with curtain covering the backend unit. Stage is mounted part of theater that is visible from all angles of the theater. Semiotics: Semiotics/ Semiology is a theory, and philosophy related to the study of signs and signals. In art it is the deciphering of the message from the silent image that may not be clearly evident and comprehendible to the ordinary observation. It is the study of art and architecture in form of the signals and signs interpretation. Fresco: A specialized form of painting that is performed over the fresh plaster. It is associated with the mural form of painting. Water colors are used over the wet plaster which later on dries up to hold their shape and design. Perspective: A technique in drawing and design, in which multiple parallel lines are shown to converge. It embodies the 2-D image on a 2-D frame . Linear and aerial perspectives are two predominant patterns used in this regard. The pioneers of this art are Leon Baptista Alberti and Filippo

The Pros and Cons of Computers Essay Example for Free

The Pros and Cons of Computers Essay Boon: 1. The technology savvy children of today have accepted the computer as an integral part of their lives. 2. With the help of computers and internet, it is now much easier for children to access information of all sorts. 3. With the help of computers, education has become interesting. Children can now search any topic, for example science or social studies, under the sky with the help of search engines like Google and Yahoo. 4. Children learn new things faster and are up to date with the latest happenings around the globe. 5. E-learning is the latest trend these days. Various educational portals have come up. The purpose is to help children in their education. Bane: 1. Computer is a machine that makes everything on the Internet so easily accessible that it is difficult to keep children away from things they are not supposed to know at a certain age. 2. Children spend much time in playing games or social networking rather than their education and learning. 3. As everything is just one click away, children are becoming lazy and have lost the habit of manually referring to books or even dictionary. 4. They like to spend much time on the computer rather than playing outdoor games. They do social networking only on the Internet rather than going out and playing with friends. 5. The new disease on the computer or to say Internet is the ‘virtual world’. It is a computer-based simulated environment. A user takes an avatar and lives it virtually on the computer. It has its own negative effects, the user starts losing grip on the real world.

Ergonomics Essay -- essays research papers

What is ergonomics? Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. When there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker, work-related musculoskeletal disorders can result. Workers who must repeat the same motion throughout their workday, work in an awkward position use a great deal of force to perform, repeatedly lift heavy objects or face a combination of these risk factors are most likely to develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In this report, I will outline the main factors in having a safe workstation. There are certain ways in which you may choose an ergonomically correct chair. Does the seat feel comfortable and fit your shape? When you sit in the chair the seat should be at least one inch wider than your hips and thighs on either side. The seat should not be too long for your legs otherwise it will catch you behind the knees or it will prevent you from leaning fully back. Most ergonomic chairs have a seat with a front that prevents the seat from catching you behind the knees. The seat should also be contoured to allow even weight distribution and it should be comfortable to sit on. Is the seat chair height adjustable? The chair should be adjustable so that you can adjust seat height while you are sitting on the chair. Some chairs have a mechanical height adjustment (spinning) mechanism. Does the chair have a comfortable lower back rest? Many chairs have cushioned lower back supports that can be adjusted up and down and forwards and backwards to fit your shape. If the chair has a fixed height lower back support and it feels comfortable when you sit back against this then a fixed lower back support may be acceptable. When you sit back against the lower back support is there space for hips? Insufficient hip room can make you sit too far forwards on the seat so that you will not have enough thigh support. Does the seat still feel comfortable after you've been sitting in it for 30 - 60 minutes? If the seat is made from foam then continuous use can cause it to become deformed and then it will not provide cushioned support. Insufficient cushioning and inappropriate contouring can cause discomfort and hip and back fatigue. Is the tilt of the seat adjustable? In some situations it can be helpful to change the tilt of the seat pan to help to maintain a healthy seated postu... ...rved away from any contact surface. The forearm is shaped liked this for the wrist to remain free of surface pressure. Avoid restricting circulation - For many people there are exposed blood vessels near the skin at the wrist, which is where the pulse is often taken. Any pressure in this region will disrupt circulation into the hand and this will increase the risks of injury. Avoid Restricting Arm Movement - with a softly padded wrist rest, especially one that is rounded, or a soft chair arm rest the forearm becomes locked into position and this encourages people to make mouse movements by flicking the wrist, which also increases pressure. Choose a mouse design that fits your hand but is as flat as possible to reduce wrist extension. Don't use a curved mouse. Use a symmetrically shaped mouse. Consider a larger mouse, such as the Whale mouse, that encourage arm rather than wrist movements. The body was designed to perform a variety of tasks while actively using muscles. Sustained muscle activity robs the muscles of life giving blood flow. It is very important to actively stretch during breaks to flush out toxins that build up in the muscles that were used for sustained posture.

Brainstorming & Applied Imagination

Brainstorming has a long history that stretches back to almost 3000 years, although it owes its current popularity to efforts of Alex Osborn in 1950s through his seminal work Applied Imagination (Proctor, 1999, 114; Sutton and Hargaddon, 1996). Osborn used brainstorming with an objective to increase creativity within organizations. In his surmises, creativity in organizations was impeded by hostile environment to new ideas that discouraged people from coming forth with their views and opinions.Further development of brainstorming has been result of Osborn’s commitment to encourage employees to come out freely with their ideas (Paulus and Brown, 2003, 110). Brainstorming gained rapid popularity due to its simplicity, its fun elements, its therapeutic abilities and its proven effectiveness in stimulating creativity and emergence of new ideas (Davis, 1973, 90). In brainstorming participants are encouraged to come openly with their ideas of wildest sort, without being interfered, and criticized, that leads to combination and improvement of ideas (Sutton and Hargaddon, 1996).Techniques of Brainstorming Generally brainstorming techniques are divided into two main categories that are a) Unstructured; b) Structured (Proctor, 1999, 114). While the unstructured brainstorming doesn’t involve any established procedure, resulting in unproductive efforts, the structured brainstorming proceeds through some set rules that make it a very effective technique. These rules and principles, suggested by Osborn in the early 1950s are (ibid) 1. No criticism: Criticism is not permitted during brainstorming session to help in uninhibited flow of ideas2. Quantity is encouraged: Large number of ideas increases likelihood of effectiveness of session 3. Unrestrained ideas: Brainstorming sessions encourages participants to come out with any idea, no matter how wild it appears. This helps people in coming out of their fears and express their views openly 4. Improvement of ideas: Brainstorming also encourages people to suggest in improving ideas of other people and suggest ways by which various ideas can be combined in unison, for greater efficiency. Benefits of BrainstormingThese techniques of brainstorming have helped in reaching solutions to various kinds of problems within organizations. As reported by Proctor (1999, 116) brainstorming has proved very effective in coming out with solutions of problems that pertain to Issues of reducing time in production line, 1. finding ways to handle shop lifting 2. In marketing and sales segment where within a short time a large number of concepts, punch lines and creative names are required. However the same techniques of brainstorming do not yield desired result if problem is too technical or require special expertise that cannot be suggested by other people.Today brainstorming has become synonymous with creative thinking and infusion of imaginative solution to problems that come in organizational setups. The basic concept of brainstorming is to achieve a synergy of ideas that helps to break situation of deadlocks. It helps in generating ideas and then narrows down attention to their detail whereby from a number of available options the optimum course is selected. Thus it creates a sequence where participants themselves become proponents of ideas and their judge to weed out the ineffectual concepts and retain only those that carry sufficient potential with them (Proctor, 1999).The distinct advantage of brainstorming is that it helps in bringing forth a number of ideas through creating a light and interactive atmosphere where one idea is instigator of many other ideas, and even an absurd suggestion acting as a stimulant for relevant ideas. The other advantage of brainstorming is that it is a therapeutic procedure in overstressed atmospheres where people are given opportunities to speak up, present their views, receive feedback and share their ideas with others (Davis, 1973).There are numerous instances where brainstorming has successfully delivered the solution to problems that had flummoxed organizations. Effectiveness of Brainstorming Although the effectiveness of brainstorming is demonstrated through various experiments and test groups, there is a controversy whether group brainstorming is more effective than solitary brainstorming (Paulus and Brown, 2003). As mentioned by Sutton and Hargaddon (1996), a majority of experiments conducted on techniques of brainstorming have come out with different observation on the thesis of Osborn.Their findings revealed that although group brainstorming is a widely accepted method for inspiring creativity, revamping business operations and bringing improvement in industrial and manufacturing processes, controlled tests have shown that compared to individuals thinking alone, the productivity output of group brainstorming is lower. Further findings by Mullen, Johnson and Salas (1991) suggest that in some cases groups consisting of more than two members have shown comparatively lower productivity than that of individual thought process.However, on exploring the reasons of lower productivity, its found some of them result from improper application of Osborn’s fundamental rules. The three main reasons suggested for lower productivity in group brainstorming are 1. Fear among group members in freely expressing their ideas, anticipating negative feedback by their group partners 2. Lower level of accountability, where member tend to go reckless and literally get focused on coming out with only wild and impractical ideas 3. Sometimes over generation of ideas by some individuals block idea generation process of other individuals who loose the coherence of their thought process.Electronic Brainstorming Application of information technology and computer analysis methods to brainstorming has provided new tools in hands of researchers to measure the effectiveness of brainstorming and improve its outcome by balancing te chnological capabilities with the situational requirements. Meeting styles within groups, in the words of Dennis (1994) have largely resorted to electronic communication styles that offers benefits of â€Å"parallelism, direct access to meeting memories and anonymity offered by pure electronic communication†.Group brainstorming has seen emergence of new techniques such as Group Decision Support System, Electronic Meeting System, Groupware, and Group Support System. Some of these methods help the group members to interact with each other by help of networked computers that facilitate instant communication, messaging, sharing of ideas and joint coordination. In addition members can highlight key issues on discussion on common large electronic blackboard that is visible to every group member (Dennis, 1994).Apart from the benefits of parallelism, access to meeting memories and anonymity of individual, the electronic brainstorming session also provides the facility of media richne ss, i. e transmission of complex information. Studies have shown that a combination of electronic communication and verbal communication produces better media richness than what either of them are capable of achieving alone (Dennis, 1994). Electronic brainstorming has received great boos by application of EBT or Electronic Brainstorming Tool that has been designed to assist researchers who are interested in method of electronic brainstorming (Clapper, 1995).The tool provides users with a simple interface to help in sharing and developing ideas for effective communication, leading to greater media richness. Reeference Clapper DL, 1995, EBT: a Tool for Electronic Brainstorming Researchers. Journal of Organizational Computing. Volume: 5. Issue: 1, Page Number: 22 Davis, GA, 1973, Psychology of Problem Solving: Theory and Practice, Basic Books, New York Dennis AR, 1994, Electronic Support for Large Groups, Journal of Organizational Computing, Volume: 4. Issue: 2, Page Number: 177Hargado n A, Sutton RI, 1996, Brainstorming Groups in Context: Effectiveness in a Product Design Firm, Administrative Science Quarterly. Volume: 41. Issue: 4, 685 Mullen, Brian, Craig Johnson, and Eduardo Salas, 1991, Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: A meta-analytic integration, Basic and Applied Psychology, 12: 2-23 Paulus PB, Brown VR, 2003, Group Creativity: Innovation through Collaboration (edit),Bernard A. Nijstad, Paul B. Paulus, Oxford University Press. New York Proctor, T, 1999, Creative Problem Solving for Managers, Routledge London

Theories Of The Common Sense - 960 Words

Questioning whether or not people make choices seems to be an arbitrary concept to ponder. Common sense causes one to believe that, of course, humans make choices daily. Even now, common sense dictates that it is a choice to read this paper or even for this paper to be written at all. However, according to one form of early philosophy, common sense has led society astray. Each event that occurs throughout the universe has causation such that one never acts of his or her own free will. This theory of the absence of free will, known as hard determinism, has three main premises as its basis. The first premise states that no event is uncaused (Kleinman 64). This appeals to humanity’s practicality; for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. One reaps what he or she sows. What goes around, comes around. This form of logic demonstrated in the first premise satisfies society’s intrinsic desire for predictability and reason. The second premise then states that if an event is caused, it must occur; likewise, if it must occur, no other outcome could be achieved. Thus, if every event’s outcome is predetermined through causation, no man can act against it; this tenet makes up the third and final premise (Kleinman 64). Therefore, based upon these three premises, no man holds the power of free will. As can be imagined, hard determinism appears to have a few holes in its validity as a theory. A person, for instance, consciously makes choices each day, such as choices of dietShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. 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I have come to the conclusion after closely examining each theory of ethics that virtue ethics presented by Rosalind Hursthouse is closest to correct. Even though virtue ethics has a few flaws that I believe need to be revised, this theory is closest to what I believe is correct. This theory is we llRead MoreThe Science of Psychology Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Science of Psychology â€Å"Psychology is the scientific study of mind, brain and behaviour. Some of what you do learn may seem like ‘common sense’, or at least familiar to you because you are learning about topics in which you can relate to. However some things you may believe is true, but is incorrect. The way we know this is through the application of scientific methods.† Mark Leary suggests that the subject matter of psychology is much more familiar to mostRead MoreSociology and Common Sense Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference between a â€Å"common sense† and a â€Å"sociological† view of human behaviour, giving relevant examples. Sociology is a social science that enables people to understand the structure and dynamics of society. By using a scientific approach, and by critically analysing society using qualitative and quantitative methods, sociologists can find patterns and connections within human behaviour to provide explanations of how society affects people. Sociological views are based on theories that have beenRead MoreThe Natural Law Approach to Ethics Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesto choose between blindly following either their common sense or following the commands that are written in the Bible. 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