The Scope Of Public Health - 1076 Words

To ensure that a population is living in conditions that enable it to thrive, we turn to the role of public health. We rely on public health officials to assess the health status of whatever population they are responsible for, to create and fulfill suitable plans of action that improve living conditions for those people. In other words, public health officials are designated for engaging in population health surveillance, controlling the spread of disease, and executing protocols for helping populations build healthier, more enjoyable lives. The scope of public health is very broad. It encompasses many different disciplines and industries of human livelihood. The core disciplines of public health are behavioral science/health education, biostatistics, environmental health, health services administration, and epidemiology. Epidemiology is considered by many the foundation of public health. By general definition, epidemiology is â€Å"the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations.† In other words, epidemiologists observe and assess the proportion of disease among people. This is a very intellectually driven and tedious job with high emphasis on conducting research. Epidemiologists need to form hypotheses based on their scientific observations, which are subject to testing and refutation. This is a rigorous process that needs to be completely objectively. On the surface, it is quite plausible as to why one would believe that epidemiologyShow MoreRelatedChanging the Scope of Practice for All Nurses1149 Words   |  5 PagesChanging The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses October 21, 2012 Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses The Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has proposed many changes take place in the field of education for nurses to assist in the Affordable Care Act to be a full success in transforming health care. They have published the report â€Å"The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing Health† recommending that the scope of practice for all nurses whichRead MoreCommunity Health1184 Words   |  5 Pages A. 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The Use Of Transmission Reinforcement Between City Of...

Brief Description of Project The shortage of electricity in northern, central, and southern Alberta is creating increasing stress on the existing 240 kV transmission system. This will generate a great need of transmission reinforcement between the city of Calgary and the city of Edmonton. There is a Long-term transmission plan that identifies there is demand for a 485 kilometer, 500 kilovolt high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines between the two cities to address the issues that will provide reliability, efficiency, long term development and has potential to lead investment decisions. The transmission line requires converter stations and other relative facilities which are needed to convert power from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and back to alternating in order to serve the connections at each end. The Heathfield converter station in the northern Alberta consists of a fenced area approximately 700 m by 740 m (2297 by 2428 feet). The Newell Converter Station located in the south east part of the province will consist of a fenced area approximately 455 m by 520 m (1493 by 1706 feet). Both of the stations will retain a telecommunications tower (approximately 71 m high and 7 m wide at the base) supporting two microwave antenna dishes. Multiple transformers will be required as well as circuit breakers, converter valves, smoothing reactors, and AC/DC filters. Many other buildings and related equipment will be needed such as an emergency back-up generator,Show MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mikayla Clements Essay Example For Students

Mikayla Clements Essay Philosophy 115 April 8, 2017 Violation of Nonhumane Entitlements due toCaptivity It is said that to protectwildlife, we need to be educated about the wildlife that inhabits our planet. As humans,we put exotic animals, aquatic and terrestrial, in zoos or aquariums where people can go to see them to learn more about themtoprotect them. It just so happens that,by putting these animals into captivity, we are causing more damage to them, just as damage is occurring in the wild and more species are becoming extinct. Animals should not be held in captivity; this deprives them of living decent and dignified lives. The first zoo in the United States was established in 1874 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia zoo first only had 813 animals but has grown today to have 1,300 animals, still having the same forty-two acres as it did when it first opened. Today there are zoos in almost every major city across the country and even more around the world. But along with zoos, thereare mar ine parks and aquariums (National Geographic). The most famous marine park is SeaWorld, which has three different locations in the nation: Orlando, San Diego and San Antonio. Zoos and aquariums were first brought about to learn about the species that we live with on this planet, tobe educated about the wild creatures who are so different from ourselves. Zoos and the caging of wild animalshave been around for centuries. There is evidence from Egypt of rulers having wild animals as pets, locking them in cages.Today, zoos are used for education to teach people about wild animals so that we canlearn ways to conserve the planet and the animals habitats,toprevent more animals from becoming extinct. Due to humans killing animals, loss of habitat and global warming, more and more species have been going extinct. The goal of every zoo, aquarium, reserve, and marine park is to bring awareness of the need that the wildlifeneedssaving(National Geographic). Most extinctions are caused by humans . With our ever-growing need to explore the planet, we have taken control of numerous species habitats and thus they die offsincethey have nowhere to go and are unable to adapt to new environments. Wars we have waged have also destroyed habitats, not to mention the hunting and poaching that occurs for furs, tusks, and other animal parts that can potentially be bought for a lot of money.According to Maratha Nussbaums Capabilities approachanimals are entitled to a flourishing life anddignified life.By destroying their habitats this is a direct violation of their entitlements such ascontrol over onesenviroment.Nussbaum discusses thatwe should have respect for animals habitats whether that is domestic or in the wild. (Nussbaum 400).Atzoosor animal parks, you will hear the staff talking about conservation of wildlife numerous times because that is their overall message they are trying to reach people. They are trying to educate peopleso they can save these animals.(Gruen132-140)For examp le, at SeaWorld, before watching the whale show, they give a presentation about how whales need to be preserved, saying that we should save the oceans so that the orca species can live on for many years to come. But whatdo whales jumping out of a poolhavedo with saving the oceans? Scientists, zoologists, and the staff at zoos all agree that by keeping species in captivity, the species is benefiting from it. For some species, captivity is the only reason why their species is surviving. For example, thenumberof tigers that are owned by private individuals is much higher than the population of tigers that are in the wild (Mason et al115-1125). Thisloss ofpopulation is due to destruction of habitat and hunting of the tigers for their fur. Having a higher population in captivity is not only true for tigers but also for the golden coin turtles, Asian elephants, and orangutans. Some of the animals kept in zoos and reserves are those who are not able to be released back into the wild after being rescued from poaching or have diseases. Because of this, places like the Taman Safari in Indonesia was founded so these animals can live free in their natural habitat without having to deal with the poachers. Jenna Watts, from CNN, says in her article Are animals in cages a necessary evil? that the animals in places like the Taman Safari are ambassadors of their kind. She says that if more people learn about these animals that they will be more likely to want to save them, not kill them or destroy their habitat. However, ABC News reports that while Adam Roberts, senior vice president of the animal protection advocacy group Born Free USA, was on Good Morning America, he said that Youre not getting the right education about what animals are like in the wild. Thats why we believe that you should keep wildlife in the wild. Thats best for animals and its best for the people. Were not getting benefit form zoo-going or from circus-going, and more importantly, as you unfortunately ha ve seen recently, there is the potential for attack,(Should Animals Be Held in Captivity?). Roberts was referencing to the tiger attack that had occurred recently at the time in San Francisco, where a tiger killed a seventeen-year-old boy, after the tiger had scaled twenty-foot tall wall to get to him. When in captivity, the animals are with humans all the time. They are fed by them, see the veterinarians, enclosures cleaned by them, and sometimes if born in captivity are raised byhumans. Due to this, these animals are not scared of humans, they work with humans non-stop in captivity and can be potentially dangerous when they get curious and decide to attack a human. A tiger for example that was raised in captivityand around humans,may believe that they are just playing with a zookeeper or a visitor but playing to them, may be killing to a human.Thisis a perfect example relatingto Nussbaum and the capabilitiesapproachregarding play,animalshave theright participate in play. However, this play can be detrimental to humans and the animals because animals willoften get punished forplay (Nussbaum 400).Theseanimals that attack humans are often put down because they are too dangerous to be around humans. How is euthanizing an animal supposed to saveitsspecies from extinction? If the animal was never in captivity in the first place, it would have been in the wild, away from humans and no chance in attacking a human with theconsequence of being put down. It is also believed that the breeding programs are keeping the species alive because they do not allow inbreeding whereas in the wildthe population is dwindling, they are mating with relatives since there is such a small selection for mates. This is causing mutations and diseases in the species just as it would if humans were to inbreed. Zoos all over the world have breeding programs that are trying to keep each species alive for more years to come. For the tigers, the Taman Safari is the number one breeding program, its goal is to keep the remaining six types of tigers from extinction, and two types have already been extinct. There are also programs for other animals such as the ones at SeaWorld for orcas and dolphins. Even though they are doing this amazing work by trying to keep the species alive, it doesnt mean that these animals should be kept in cages their entire lives. Yes, it is wonderful that they take in wounded and diseased animals to save them, but a cage or enclosure is not where they belong.We cannot fully understand an animals experience because we have not livedit, therefore we cannot speak for them (Prade330).They belong in their natural habitat; it is not beneficial for animals to be kept in captivity, there are consequences of animals living lives in captivity. Sandel explains Aristotles telosor the purposein hisbookJustice: whats the right thing to do?This is afascinating point because Aristotle would pose the question, what is the purpose of nonhumane animals?This question needs to beevaluatedbecauseif we do not know the purpose of nonhumane animals how can we appropriately examine their entitlements? There is more risk for the animals to get new disease due to being in environments that they are not naturally in. An animal that originates in Africa is susceptible to a disease that is only in North America while living in a zoo because its immune system does not have the genes to defend against this disease, it has also never been around the disease so their bodies cannot build up immunity to the disease. Not only new diseases, but diseases that the species would normally be immune to in the wild, the ones in captivity have shown to get these diseases more often. Most of these immunities are built up from the diet of the animal, but because in captivity the animals do not get the same food, they do not get the same nutrition as they would in the wild, hence the cause of disease they normally would not have in the wild. Animals tend to have shorter li fespans in captivity due to the different diet that does not have the nutrition that the animals need to survive. This is seen in giraffes where their shorter lifespan is linked to poor nutritional status and low energy intake, suggesting inadequacies in zoodiets (Mason, 714-721). Also, these animals are entering climates at which they are not meant to live in. Animals that live in Africa are not used to the snow that falls in North America, nor is the polar bears adapted to the heat of Florida. The endothermic animals, the ones who are able regulate their own body temperatures, their bodies are working overtime to be able to survive in the differentclimates. The zookeepers try to keep the enclosures as close to their natural habitats as they possibly can but the factremainsthat the painting on the walls of the enclosure are nothing to the real thing,one can assumethey are not meant to be looking at something that is fake when instead they could be lookingat the real thing in the wi ld. These seem like basic rights and entitlements that are being violated causing an injustice to animals. Radio Station Research Essay Rother, Larry.In Killing a Cove, SidingwithDolphins.The New York Times. The New York16 July 2009.Should Animals Be Held in Captivity?ABC News. ABC News Network, 28 Dec. 2007. Web.29 march. 2017.Society, National Geographic.Zoo.National Geographic Society. National Geographic, 09Oct. 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2017. McKenna, Erin.American Philosophy: Pets, People, and Pragmatism.New York, US: FordhamUniversity Press, 2013. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 22 March 2017. Gruen, Lori. Ethics and Animals: An Introduction.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,2011, 132-140.Print. Cambridge applied ethics; Cambridge applied ethics McGlynn, Daniel.Whale Hunting.CQ Researcher 29 June 2012: 573-96. Web. 26 Mar. 2017. Prade, Juliane. Not Coming to Terms: Nonhuman Animals and the Edge of Theory. Society ;Animals. 2014.330-51.Print. Clark, Jim, et al.The Cove. Santa Monica, California: Lions Gate Entertainment, 2009. DVD Cowperthwaite, Gabriela, et al.Blackfish. Widescreen. Los Angeles, California: Magnolia HomeEntertainment, 2013. DVD. Sandel, Michael J. Justice: whats the right thing to do?London: Penguin, 2010, 184-207.Print. Nussbaum, Martha Craven.Frontiers of justice: disability, nationality, species membership.India: Oxford U Press, 2007, 492-401. Print.

Personal Accounts/Narratives

Constant Content has gotten an unusually large amount of submissions in the first-person point-of-view. As stated in our guidelines, these are not generally accepted. Why don’t we accept personal accounts or narratives? 1. Customers purchase content on an as-needed basis. There is no opportunity for the author to build a relationship with readers, as would a writer of a weekly column. Therefore, the reader is not invested in the personal life of the author because the author is a stranger; they will not empathize with the writer and may find the emotions/opinions of a stranger to be irrelevant. 2. Our customers look for web content. Web customers or people who search for information on the internet are searching for just that – information. They are less interested in experiences that may be unique to the author and are more interested in information that will be immediately useful to them – how to care for a burn, what to do if their ficus is looking a little brown, how they can lose ten pounds before the wedding next month. 3. Customers want content that will be found by search engines and ranked high so that customers will visit their pages. Pages that are relevant to a wide group of people – that is, articles that address the audience, rather thanuse introspection– will rank more highly because they will be more likely to get link backs, will more likely be visited by people looking for information, and will more likely be given more credit by those who use internet search tools like Stumbleupon or Digg. 4. Personal narratives have a difficult time balancing information and style with sentimentality and emotion. First-person accounts are often so subjective that the reader will be turned off byshows ofemotion (especially if it is negative) because there is no common ground between the reader and the writer. Successful autobiographical authors use objectivity to help others see the world through their eyes and show rather than tell about situations. However, Constant Content is not agood place for narratives – fiction or nonfiction – simply because customers are in the market for the type of content described above. You may have had one or more of your articles rejected for use of the first person point-of-view (POV), and you may be wondering in what cases the â€Å"I† voice is unacceptable. I’ll explain. Author Intrusion In most cases, the â€Å"I† slips into articles even if the article begins by addressing the reader as â€Å"you†.’ When the reader is suddenly hit with the author’s opinion or experience, this is uncomfortable and is known as author intrusion. When a reader has been set up to absorb information directed at them, it can be awkward to suddenly hear the voice of the author. Voice or POV should stay consistent throughout a piece, whether it is first-, second-, or third-person. Web Writing However, for web writing, â€Å"I† should rarely be used.Constant Contentwill, of course, accept articles that are submitted for requests that require the inclusionof personal experience, narratives, or anecdotes. For other writing, â€Å"I† is hardly ideal. Why? Because readers want to know what is true for them if they are seeking information. The experience of the writer is usuallyirrelevant, as the writer is only one person. Authors of articles at Constant Content should seek to explain what is generally true in a broad sense. This will not only make your article more useful to readers, but it will make it more useful to the customer who buys it. Ex. You write an article about poison ivy. However, you happen to be immune to poison ivy’s toxins. Instead of saying, â€Å"Poison ivy will make you itch, but I am immune to it†, it would be better to say, â€Å"Poison ivy will make most people itch, however, there are a few people who happen to be immune to this plant’s toxins.† Goals of ArticlesSubmitted to Constant Content Blogs Even blog authors arestraying from the use of the word â€Å"I†. Personal blogs are still in the styles of diaries.However, blogs more often offer information that is up-to-date and informative. In this case, the first-person is once again rendered irrelevant. Credibility and Professionalism In addition, because writers for Constant Content rarely have connections with the publications in which their work is featured, the â€Å"I† can become even more problematic. The reader is not familiar with the writer or the writer’s work. The â€Å"I† is a stranger, and the stranger may not be able to be trusted in the reader’s eyes. Removing the â€Å"I† from articles submitted to Constant Content will lend more credibility and professionalism to the information. FinalNote The reader doesn’t care about the process it takes to write an article. If you give them a step-by-step about what you went through to gather the information you present, they will quickly grow bored and stop reading. Present the result of your research, not the process. Cite credible sources (â€Å"The FDA reports . . . † not â€Å"My mother says . . . â€Å") that inspire confidence in the information.