Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Compensation - Research Paper Example This is about making the employees feel that they are precious to the company and the years that they have spent serving the company are valued. The main intention of laying out a compensation plan is to make the employees feel appreciated and esteemed, and my plan definitely achieves the aim. This is a form of indirect compensation. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that motivate the employee to show improved performance and productivity. Intrinsic factors include considering each employee individually and sharing a good communicative platform with him. Such an employee is easily satisfied with job outcomes and this is enough for his motivation. Some employees need external motivation in the form of rewards and compensations. Flexible scheduling strategies are very effective in employee motivation and include job sharing, compressed work sheets, part-time hours, and flexible deadlines. When employees feel that the work schedule is flexible and they can choose their star ting and ending hours, they stay stress-free and this boosts their morale.

Government should be responsible for the unemployed in the uk. To what Essay

Government should be responsible for the unemployed in the uk. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example Major aim of this essay is to address the initiatives that are taken by British Government in order to reduce the growing unemployment rate. The first reason is British Government has utilized taxes that are collected from the common people in order to create employment opportunities for job seekers in public sectors. In addition to this, the British government has introduced government welfare expenditure programme in the year 2012 to provide income benefits to common people by utilising the tax amount. British government announced 16 percent of government spending in the year 2011 to create employment opportunities for job seekers (Heyes, 2011, p.6). Government has made significant investments in several benefit areas, such as state pension, disability living allowance, income support for job losers, rent rebate, allowances of job seekers and pension credit for old people. Government has ensured these expenditures by utilizing collected public tax amount. In the financial year 2011-12, the British government has made huge investment to pay employment benefits to unemployed people during the era of post economic recessi on. It is true that public service pension cost has risen effectively in last 10 years (HM Treasury, 2013, p.16). Moreover, British government has invested in several public service development programmes, such as introduction of public schools, hospitals and other institutions. Expenditure behind these initiations can come under other uncategorized expenditure. It enables huge number of job seekers to find employment opportunities in these public sectors. First of all, these developments used to help the common people to stabilize their social life. On the other hand, development process of these public services generally generates significant employment opportunities for the common people (Hall, 2003, p.21). Government generally utilises this tax amount in the development of public

Letters of credit have been described as the lifeblood of Essay

Letters of credit have been described as the lifeblood of international commerce. (Kerr LJ in RD Harbottle (Mercantil) Ltd v N - Essay Example The slightest delay can lead to huge loss due to exchange fluctuations during the period delay. There are instances of huge losses in the international trade by way of exchange fluctuations alone. This paper will examine the indispensability of the instrument so as to be called the life-blood of international commerce In RD Harbottle (Mercantil) Ltd v National Westminster Bank Ltd,2 the court has emphatically stated that there should not be the least interference of the courts in the letter of credit transactions as it is indispensable for the smooth flow of international commerce. Except in cases of frauds of which banks have notice, the irrevocable obligations under a letter of credit cannot be undone by the parties for reasons of any dispute between them. Court are not concerned with their difficulties however great they may be as they can always settle their disputes in a different forum without disturbing the operation of letter of credit which is a banking system at a different level. This is the essence of the court’s ruling in the above case. ... The issuing bank has just to make sure the documents submitted by the beneficiary are in strict compliance of the credit terms and nothing more. In view of this, neither the applicant (buyer) nor the beneficiary (seller) can frustrate the letter of credit payment under some pretext or other. It is because the credit is a stand -alone document like a legal tender 3 and its validity cannot be questioned lest the international commerce will lose confidence in the system with the resultant collapse of the international trade. This, Donaldson LJ characterizes as ‘thrombosis will occur if , unless fraud is involved, courts intervene and thereby disturb the mercantile practice of treating rights thereunder [of letter of credit] as being equivalent to cash in hand’4 (foot note 5 begins) Further, letter of credit is part of commercial law to facilitate commerce. The rules must therefore be consistently followed by the courts without giving way to the idiosyncrasies of individuals though courts’ view of the will change overtime. Only then, outcome of a dispute can be predicted with a law that is clear and consistent so that litigation is avoided. If it is unavoidable, it should be quickly resolved especially in a price/exchange fluctuation market. The court’s approach in RD Harbottle is to ensure certainty for documentary credit which is an assurance from bank for payment against presentation of documents. Though the term UCP needs to be incorporated in a documentary credit contract, courts have the liberty to view it as impliedly incorporated even in the absence of the express provision of the UCP.5 Therefore principles such as doctrine of strict compliance, party’s autonomy and fraud

Honeynets implementation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Honeynets implementation - Case Study Example To ascertain the effectiveness of the project in administering the foresaid role, I have done sufficient research about the reliability and convenience of the system in managing the task and have found it much viable and efficient. The research done covered a wide scope including monitoring and getting feedback with those already with the system. I have also done hypothetical hacking techniques and in all the cases, the project has proved beyond hacking. I therefore strongly recommend the project for your institution to cushion form such possible attempts. Best regards. Executive Summery During the month of February, we received a formal communication to design a system security than would be hackers proof since the existing one was frequently being intruded in. It did not provide a resistant guard to hackers. Following this communication, we designed a study to help the company in the following ways; I. Keeping intruders outside the production system in disguise while they think the y are inside the main production system. II. It recognizes any intrusion attempt. This is because any operation found within it can only be from an intruder. III. Cheaper to manage; it can be virtually supported as opposed to those that are physically supported. IV. Recognizing and storing the pattern taken by the intruders to help our experts advance a quick counter response. During the month of February, hackers intruded into the production line system of the company. As a result of the intrusion several information were altered within the production system and the company lost very crucial operational and management data. In this regard, the company is estimated to have lost about $ 150,000. As a result of our in depth feasibility study, we established the following criterion for the system to be adopted; a) Can be virtually supported b) It has significantly low cost of maintenance c) It gives the identity of the hackers d) It is difficult to penetrate by hackers In this regard, we want to confidently appeal for company’s management to ratify the new security system and engage it for the next six month during which they will observe the number of attempted hacking without success in the main system. It is at this time that it will prove inevitable to avoid. Abstract The need to prevent hackers from succeeding in their quest is one of the investments being done by most of the organizations. Organizations do invest in various systems that will ensure that their insider information is not leaked to the unauthorized persons or that the unknown does not manipulate the organization’s data. Various systems have therefore been floated in response to the conduct. The lingering question is the viability of the system employed to succeed in the intended purpose, we made a proposal to your organization in this regard where we intended to implement the Honeynet project. Research was done about this project in terms of how successful it is and the informati on collected is

Research Assignment 2 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 2 - Research Paper Example As mentioned above, people move from their original homes to a new region either permanently or temporarily. Their decision to either make their new environment home forever or temporary depends on their reasons for fleeing their original inhabitants. For example, those who move to seek refuge due to war may stay for long compared to those who moved in search of a lucrative career opportunity. The war victims are mentally traumatized; hence needs a new environment for a fresh start. Their decision may also be influenced by the level of hospitality of the  new  region. Communities that are less hostile encourage them to stay permanently while opposite hospitality makes them to continue migrating. Their ability to fit in the culture of their new region may also matter since moving to a region with completely different cultural practices can be frustrating. Immigration results to intermarriages across cultures. The resulting generation may have slightly different cultures but mainly adopts both cultures or keep the good cultural practices of each parent culture (Weller & Serow, 2013). Immigration and migration have led to globalization as people adapt to cultures across the globe whenever they travel to a new region. Consequently, cultures have become dynamic; they change with time and currently very few communities practice their primordial culture in pure forms. Religious beliefs are based on supernatural beings and differ across the globe. Religion is a very delicate and sensitive matter such that, any disobedience of religious norms is considered a capital crime and may cost one his or her life. In the past, there have been wars between  Christians and Muslims because of disrespect of religious beliefs. If one party’s religion is mishandled and ridiculed, there is bound to be a war. Everyone tends to protect their religion. Religion has a very significant role in social issues in the society. For example, marital stability is attributed to strong

Introduction to the microbial world history of microbiology Essay Example for Free

Introduction to the microbial world history of microbiology Essay Part A. This letter is in response to your story which was published in your website and broadcasted in your stations regarding Edward Jenner as the most prolific microbiologist that ever lived and have contributed much to the improvement of microbiology and public health. I would like to make a point that several other scientists have contributed much to that of the works of Jenner on eradicating small pox virus by vaccination. He may have started the use of vaccines which led to its eradication years later; however, it should not be mistaken to be the most significant microbiological contribution. Take an example the work of Joseph Lister on 1867 regarding antiseptics (Prescott et al., 2005). Like any other scientist during his time, works on antisepsis was not an overnight job; he worked carefully and tested his theories over and over again, until such time that he perfected it (Roediger, 1990). By thoughtfully thinking of what may cause pus formation in surgical wounds, he experimented with rags and phenol and used it as wound dressings. Sure enough, his patients did not develop gangrene after being dressed with carbolic acid or phenol treated rags. Later on, he improved on excluding bacteria from his operating suite by incorporation of clean environment as a prerequisite in aseptic surgery (Lister, 1909). See more: how to write an academic introduction In modern days, Lister’s work on antiseptic surgery had decreased much of the deaths caused by hospital-acquired infections brought about by practicing of good science (Pasteur and Lister, 1996). By applying his notion of the germ theory via his promotion of environmental cleanliness and sanitation, he inculcated the modern medical practitioners with standards of disease prevention that ultimately lead to reduction of major infections like tuberculosis (Osborn, 1986). Most notably, in his honor, Listerine ® was named after him. In recognition of his efforts, the British Medical Journal recently stated that â€Å"he saved more lives by the introduction of this system than all the wars of the 19th century together had sacrificed† (Nester et al., 2007). To conclude that Lister was more prolific than Jenner, the Jenner Institute of Preventive Medicine in Britain was changed to its current name, the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (The Lister Institute). Another notable scientist is in the persona of Dr. John Snow. John Snow, in 1849 published his works entitled, â€Å"On the mode of communication of cholera.† In his research, Snow began to hypothesize that cholera was indeed transmitted by a common source, and sure enough he pin pointed it to a contaminated water pump in Broad Street (Thrusfield, 22007). Though highly criticized and much of his researches were dismissed, he never did falter in seeking out the truth. Despite of these obstacles, he never faltered to show the good qualities of an epidemiologist: good record keeper, determined, dedicated and highly skilled (Stanwell-Smith, 2002). A good record keeper, he was a very keen observer and he never did forgot to take into accounts this minute details that allowed him to solve the mystery of the cholera epidemic in London. Moreover, determined and dedicated to his work even though criticisms were all around him and yet a highly skilled scientist never did show attitudes that will hinder him from succeeding (Prescott et al., 2005). His works have led people to dub him as â€Å"the father of epidemiology.† Sure enough, epidemiology and public health cannot have gone a million step without the initiative of the medical doctor who was once criticized for hypothesizing something at that time which cannot be proven until later years where, the bacteria responsible for the disease was isolated. It may be another story of another scientist, but without Snow, nothing not even the prevention and determination of the occurrence of diseases can progress (Stanwell-Smith, 2002). Sure enough, Jenner may have helped in improving disease prevention by first creating the vaccine and subsequent studies leading to its development, it cannot be disclosed that Lister and Snow, did more achievements in the field of microbiology and public health per se. It may be fitting to say that Jenner may be a great microbiologist, it is only proper to also uphold and acknowledge other note taking efforts of these other microbiologists. Part B. In the summer of 1999, the first human case of West Nile Encephalitis in the western hemisphere was documented. By the end 0f 2002, the WNV epidemic have resulted to at least a total 4,156 human cases (with 2,943 meningoencephalitis case and 284 deaths), 16,741 dead birds, 6,604 infected mosquitoes and 14,571 equine cases. This epidemic was the largest recognized arboviral meningoencephalitis epidemic in the Western Hemisphere (CDC, 2003). The Virus Western equine encephalitis is a member of the Genus Flavivirus under the Family Flaviviridae (Tortora et al., 2007). The virions are spherical and around 50 nm in diameter. It is widely distributed throughout the Americas, especially after the onset of the epidemics in 2002. It is maintained in an endemic cycle involving domestic and passerine birds and Culex sp. serving as the vector host (Murphy et al., 1999 ).   WNV infection in humans produces either asymptomatic infection or mild febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by rash, which should be differentiated from dengue hemorrhagic fever. The human case-fatality rate in the U.S. has  been 7% overall with 10% of patients having neuroinvasive WNV disease (CDC, 2003). The Outbreak Although unknown how or when WNV was introduced into North America, international travel of infected people, importation of infected birds or mosquitoes or migration of infected birds are all possibilities and cannot be ruled out. Overwintering mosquitoes during the winter of 1999 to 2000 have been the mode wherein the virus has propagated throughout New York. It has then undergone several cycles of overwintering and by the end of 2002 has affected 44 states, including the District of Columbia. It has now been proven that the mosquito carry the virus and have traveled initially from New York to nearby states infecting other animals, most notably humans. (CDC, 2003). Control and Prevention Prevention and control of WNV encephalitis was accomplished effectively through a series of comprehensive efforts and programs including integrated pest management. It should be taken into consideration that the priority prevention for this type of disease is destruction of mosquito habitats which serve as the main vector. Likewise, sanitation and water management greatly reduced the total number of cases from that of 2002 to a tolerable one. (CDC, 2003)

Strengths Based Model and Case Management Model Comparison

Strengths Based Model and Case Management Model Comparison KAVITESH P TAHAL AGEING AND DISABILITY Compare two models Strength-Based Model Strengths based practice is consistent with the rights arguments outlined earlier. That is, it is has a focus on the equal rights of citizenship that disabled people have. These rights include the rights of access to all resources, options and opportunities; the rights of people to choose and direct service provision to enhance their lives; and the right to actively live and participate in the same communities as everyone else. It is an important approach to conducting needs assessment and service coordination because: It is an empowering approach to alternatives which have historically focused on deficits and problems within families or people needing support. In strengths based approach the focus is on the strengths and abilities of the person. It avoids the use of stigmatising, labelling or blaming language. It creates hope within people and their families by focusing on what is currently successful or has been successful in the past for them. It focuses on people’s abilities and resiliencies and places them in the â€Å"expert† position on their own goals, ambitions and solutions to difficult situations. The â€Å"professional† worker is placed in the role of partner and guide. It captures (often for the first time) the positive things in a person and the person’s environment that can serve as a start for positive changes. People and their families are more engaged in a process where they feel they are an important part, not simply a recipient of others’ â€Å"service†. Communities are seen as an important source of resources rather than obstacles or barriers to overcome. Assessment: Strengths-based service delivery often starts with an assessment process to prompt the client and program staff to identify capabilities and assets which the client can mobilize. The information collected some of the clients history, the type, frequency, and call such a problem, process as mood, personality changes and behavioural painful emotional reactions, and severity of cognitive change, the problem with such other diseases of the nervous system and the physical signs of damage to the test as the language of social behaviour assessment difficult enough -solving, thinking. Planning: Strengths-based service planning begins first with identifying what causes the current health situation, planning how to maintain behaviour, planning how to prevent further and future complications. The planning process also take into consideration the individual’s own life’s perspectives relating to their beliefs, cultures and their religion while taking care of their personal needs. The plan will be vary over phase as during the healing the client and the case manager have to examine the variations and development that the client has encountered so the goals will be adapted based on the certainty and the course of attainment. Coordinating: For coordinating services using the strength based approach, the resources must be readily available. It should be in the position that is easily accessed by the client or it has the capacity to relocate their services so that it is can reach to the client. The services should also serve the interest of the client which includes but is not limited to: Housing, employment, healthcare, transportation and education. It must be culturally sensitive as well as being person-centred and community based. The client must understand as the availability and the efficiency. Besides that the case manager must also have a regular contact with the client and be prepared to make any variations to make certain the plan is permanently appropriate and updated. Strengths: It focuses on the person’s abilities rather than their disabilities. It empowers the individual letting him or her decide about his or her life. The person feels important as they became part of the process. It also avoids discrimination and stigmatising since the person with disability is the one defining him and not the health professional promoting self-esteem. Appropriate for all types of elderly. Leading to developing the confidence for independent decision making and help-seeking together with the help of the family and health professionals. Key to confidence to belief in oneself and a willingness to keep on through life challenges. Identifies and amplifies existing client system capacities to resolve problems and improve quality of life. Weakness: This model has existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community. Perspectives of the disability people: The strength base model is useful as it builds hope through relationship with people, community and culture. Also it strengthens the belief that people are experts in their own lives and the professional or carer’s role is to increase and explain choices and encourage people to make their own decisions and informed choices. Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled: For the strength based model, the predictable results are that the psychological health of the client is strengthened and various the incapacitated can cooperative well to the society like the normal individuals without much psychological obstacles. Empowerment in their own lives. Clients are able to do activities of daily living. There is a sense of confidence in his/her day-to-day activities. Clients could express happiness that’s he is able to convey his/her messages and feeling comfortable about his/her environment. Clients enjoy life and feels he is useful for family members. Provide client’s relatives for and after care help from various agencies. Case management Model Case management is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation and advocacy for options and services to meet an individuals and family comprehensive health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality, cost effective outcomes. Some functions of case management include: Client identification. Outreach. Service assessment. Planning and monitoring. Linking, referring or brokering access to needed services. Advocating for needed services for an individual. The provision of support to families and significant others in the person’s environment Assistance in developing a social support network. Assessment: Initial history of clients is taken with physical and medical examination. Neurological assessment with particular attention to vision and hearing is essential to rule out other neurological problems. Mental Status Examination is to detect abnormal features in a patient’s behaviour and state of mind at the time of the assessment. General appearance and Behaviour- Patient may restrict his activities to an increasingly limited area within which he is able to cope. He will often repeat things that he has done several times, apparently without any awareness of what he is doing. Speech- may show a variety of more or less non-specific anomaly together with restriction of content, difficulty in finding words and naming objects, reduced fluency, repetition, preservation and lastly speech is striking when it occurs again be alert to any neurological abnormalities. Attitude – cooperative, hostile, suspicious, fearful and evasive. Mood the client’s emotional response lack of depth and are poorly sustained. Planning: Planning is done with consideration for all clients’ culture and belief in mind and family members are involved in discussion making. A routine plan for activities is done with clients consent and is aware to follow. Client is involved on planning and planning done in a safe and less congested environment. All types of illness are treated accordingly and client aware of it. Coordination: Client is helped or supported in ADL’s. Ensure a pleasant, safe and quiet environment. Client is well aware of environment and communication maintained. With clients consent preferred name is used with respect. Repeat the routine activity in a specific time of the day. Speak slowly, clearly in simple sentence. Client’s hygiene is maintained. Maintain communication with relatives and friends. Provide opportunity to do the tasks with assistance. Strengths: Support to keep frail aged persons and people with disabilities living with complex and multiple supports needs to remain in their own homes and local community. Provides mainly for the roles and tasks required for social work staff in the provision of help, support and guidance to people requiring continuing care at home. In assessing priorities and consideration will be given to the following client risk factors/situations. Weaknesses: The assessment and case planning process will determine an individuals eligibility for assistance by this service. Mainly focused in the organisation than concern with the coordination and organisation of care for individual clients. Providing direct services or psychotherapy as part of case management may contribute more substantially to the stabilization or improvement of clients’ situations, but such support probably needs to be sustained over time to produce long-term effects. Perspectives of the disability people: Needs are being met by services and resources. Trust and communication with case manager. Disability, physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, and developmental or some combination of these may be. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; Lack of activity in executing a task or action by a person, is a challenge; A block of life to participate in problem situations experienced by an individual in involvement is a problem while. So it is a complex phenomenon of a persons body and she remains a feature of society in which the interaction between features is revealed. Summary of expected outcomes: Talk about the problems they face at home to encourage family. Explain the need for physical and social settings. Support to various institutions for managing customer relations and education. The importance of follow-up care. Customers enjoy life and support for the family, too. In the community to talk with other people feel happy. Customer concentration and efficiency in their work shows References:- Source: Strengths-Based Social Work Practice online. Retrieved from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Strengths-Based_Social_Work_Practice2. Source: Recovery approach online. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_approach Source: 12th Case Management Society of Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/definition.html Source: Case Management and Community Care Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/finalcasemanagementdiscussionpaper.pdf Source: Case Management Services online. Retrieved from: http://www.merrichs.org.au/Pages/CaseManagementServices.aspx KAVITESH P TAHAL S/N: 14030411Page 1